载人登月航天员辐射剂量分析与防护建议

Radiation Dose Analysis and Protection Suggestions for Manned Lunar Mission

针对载人登月航天员任务全周期中可能遭受空间粒子辐射损伤的问题,从航天器辐射防护设计流程出发,梳理了国际现行航天员辐射防护要求。通过蒙特卡罗模拟程序Geant4构建皮肤、眼晶体、造血器官等效人体组织模型,并对典型载人登月任务航天员受到的辐射剂量开展量化分析。从任务设计和辐射防护设计2个层面,对我国载人登月航天员辐射防护提出建议:在不超过20天的载人登月任务期内,5 g/cm^2铝材料屏蔽下的剂量即可比NASA剂量限值小一个数量级;而如果遭遇极端太阳粒子事件,航天员防护材料可选用聚乙烯等富氢材料作为保护层,屏蔽厚度需要约30 g/cm^2。

To solve the possible space radiation damage problem of astronauts during the manned lunar mission,the current international astronaut radiation protection requirements were summarized starting from the design process of the spacecraft radiation protection.The equivalent human tissue model of skin,eye lens,and hematopoietic organs was constructed with the geant4 Monte Carlo simulation program,and the radiation dose of astronauts in a typical manned lunar mission was quantitatively analyzed.Suggestions for the radiation protection of China′s manned lunar astronauts were proposed from the mission design and radiation protection design perspectives.For a manned lunar mission of no more than 20 days and with the shielding of 5 g/cm^2 aluminum material,the dose was smaller in one order of magnitude than the NASA dose limit.If an extreme solar particle event was encountered,the hydrogen-rich materials such as polyethylene can be used as the protective layer for astronaut protection,and the shielding thickness should be about 30 g/cm^2.