“九五”以来国务院政府工作报告涉及生态环保内容分析

Analysis on Chinese ecology and environment protection in the Report on the Work of the Government since the 9th Five-Year-Plan

历年国务院总理在全国两会上所作的《政府工作报告》(简称《报告》)是分析政府工作重点、民众关切变化的一个窗口。回顾自"九五"以来的《报告》发现,生态环保工作经历了从归为可持续发展、融入宏观经济到成为重点篇章三个阶段,生态环保部分文字数量从"九五"期间的1.96%提升到"十三五"期间的5.06%(2017年占比6.38%,达到最高),关注点从资源综合利用到节能减排,再到现在的生态环境,"十三五"期间"生态"一词平均出现13.2次,并产生了不少群众喜闻乐见的"金句"(如蓝天保卫战等)。"十一五"以来,《报告》逐步涉及定量的目标和成效,前期主要讲污染物减排成效,2014年以后则聚焦污染防治,但总体定量表征指标缺乏。"十三五"以来,全国两会代表对《报告》提出修改意见明显增加。尽管2020年受新冠肺炎疫情影响,生态环境内容大幅缩减,但是从长远看,生态环境工作任重道远,必须保持战略定力,坚定不移贯彻新发展理念。

The Report on the Work of the Government(Report)delivered by Chinese Premier of the State Council during the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China is an approach to analyze the changes of government’s focus and people’s concerns.This study has reviewed and analyzed Reports on the Work of the Government since the 9 th Five-Year-Plan(FYP),the content of ecology and environment protection in these Reports can be concluded into three phases which are being categorized into sustainable development,being integrated into macro economy,and being an independent key chapter of the Report.The number of words stating ecology and environment protection has increased from 1.96%during the 9 th FYP to 5.70%during the 13 th FYP,and the highest accounted for 6.38%in 2017.The focus has shifted from integrated utilization of resources to energy conservation and emission reduction,finally reached the comprehensive ecology and environment protection.The word ECOLOGY appears on average 15.3 times in the Reports during the 13 th FYP,and many popular words have been created such as the Battle of Blue Sky.The Reports started to set quantitative goals for environmental protection since the 11 th FYP early focusing on pollution reduction and then shifted to pollution control and prevention after 2014.However,it is still lack of indicators for quantitative characterization overall.There is a significant increase in comments and revision on the Report suggested by the members of Two-Sessions since the 13 th FYP.Although the ecological environment is significantly reduced in 2020 due to the Covid-19 epidemic,it is still a long way to go in the long run.We must maintain strategic focus and unswervingly implement the new development concept.