基于“菱形模型”的资源型城市绿色发展动态评价——以鄂尔多斯市为例

Dynamic evaluation of green development in resource-based cities based on a“diamond”frame:a case study in Ordos city

坚持绿色发展理念,推动资源型城市绿色转型,急需构建服务于资源型城市转型的绿色发展评价体系,摸清绿色发展现状及其变化,诊断绿色发展存在的问题与面临的制约因素,探索绿色发展实现路径。本文认为,资源型城市绿色发展需要解决好降低传统资源产业依赖和减轻环境影响两大主要问题,而结构转型和增强内源性增长动力是绿色发展的核心。本文构建了适用于资源型城市绿色发展的"菱形模型"框架,并结合资源型城市绿色发展的经济可持续性、环境可持续性、结构转型、内源性增长动力四大要素,构建了服务于资源型城市转型的绿色评价指标体系。以鄂尔多斯市为例,分析了2012—2017年绿色发展的时空变化特征及其障碍因素。结果显示:2017年鄂尔多斯市绿色发展水平整体不高,各区旗以相对较高绿色发展水平为主,经济可持续性目标明显强于环境可持续性目标;2012—2017年间,鄂尔多斯市绿色发展水平略有提升,经济可持续性和内源性增长能力有所提高,环境可持续性水平和结构转型水平略有降低,经济可持续性与环境可持续性的目标协调性显著增加,已逐步形成以东胜-康巴什组成的鄂尔多斯城市核心区为中心的绿色发展空间格局;环境可持续性为该地区绿色发展的首要障碍性因素,经济可持续性的障碍度最弱,环境可持续性和结构转型的障碍度呈持续上升态势,经济可持续性和内源性增长动力的障碍度有所下降。结合各区旗绿色发展的障碍性因素,可以将鄂尔多斯市分为经济增长型、环境提升型、结构优化型和内源动力夯实型四类区域,不同类型区域有不同的绿色发展实现路径。

The green transformation of resource-based cities should insist the concept of green development.It is urgent to know the current situation and changes of green development in the region,find out problems and constraints of green development,and explore a new path of green development.We argued that the green development of resource-based cities needs to solve the two major problems of reducing the dependence on traditional resource industries and the environmental impact.On this basis,a"diamond model"frame of green development of resource-based cities is constructed to understand green development evaluation.Based on this frame,we established a comprehensive index system which consists of four aspects:the economic sustainability,environmental sustainability,structural transformation,and endogenous force.This article takes Ordos city as a case study to show its green development condition by evaluating its the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of green development from 2012 to 2017 and identifying its obstacle factors.The results are the followings.In 2017,the green development level of ordos is relatively low,mainly with a higher green development level;The economic sustainable goal is obviously stronger than the environmental sustainable goal.Ordos city green development level slightly improved,economic sustainability and endogenous force have improved,environmental sustainability and structural transformation have decreased.The coordination between the goals of economic sustainability and environmental sustainability has been significantly increased.It has gradually formed the Dongsheng-Kangbashi of Ordos city core area as the center of development of green space landscape.In recent years,the obstacle degree of economic sustainability and endogenous force in Ordos city has been declining steadily,the obstacle degree of environmental sustainability and structural transformation has been rising continuously,and the primary obstacle factor is environmental sustainability.Finally,combined with the obstacles of the green development of each district,this article divides the city into four green development path areas:economic growth,structural optimization,sustainable development and innovation-leading area.