陆海统筹视域下入海排污口监管体制的重塑与展望

Reconstruction and prospect of the supervision of marine sewage outfall under the land and sea overall planning

入海排污口监管制度,是当前海洋生态环境保护的短板和弱项,既有陆源污染物排放监管体制未理顺的原因,也有入海排污口监管缺乏体系化设计、监管手段未聚焦入海排污口"着力点"的局限。陆海统筹视域下入海排污口监管,需在区分技术类型和管理类型的前提下,改变传统"备案+禁限规定"监管要求,衔接入海排污口与陆源污染源监管,确立入海排污口分类监管与环评制度、排污许可制度有效关联的精细化监管的格局。

The supervision system for marine sewage outfalls is the shortcoming and weakness of the current marine ecology and environment protection.There are reasons of the unsmooth supervision system of land-based pollutant discharge,as well as the lack of systematic design and supervision methods for marine sewage outfall supervision.Under the premise of land-sea co-ordination,the supervision of marine sewage outlets needs to be changed under the premise of distinguishing the type of technology and the type of management.It will be connected to the supervision of marine sewage outlets and land-based pollution sources,and to establish a fine-grained supervision pattern that effectively links the classification of marine sewage outlets with the environmental impact assessment system and the sewage permit system.