“十四五”水污染物减排措施初探

Preliminary study on the measures of water pollutant emission reduction in the 14th Five-Year-Plan

近年来,水污染物减排在我国水环境质量改善中发挥了重要作用。现行的总量减排制度与环境质量改善相关度不高。"十四五"如何建立减排和环境质量之间的响应关系,强化水污染物排放总量持续下降与水环境质量同步持续改善是亟待解决的问题。文章回顾了总量减排的发展历程和成效,分析了当前水污染物减排的瓶颈,提出了针对"十四五"水污染物减排的六项措施,包括建立"减排-监测-环境质量"联动模式、衔接排污许可制、结合第二次全国污染源普查扩大实施范围、引入经济政策、加大对农村环保的资金投入和宣传力度以及设置差异化的指标考核评价方式。

In recent years,the reduction of water pollutants has played an important role in the improvement of water environment quality in China.The current total emission reduction system has not been highly relevant to the improvement of environmental quality.It is urgent how to establish the response relationship between emission reduction and environmental quality in the"14 th five-year plan"to make the total discharge of water pollutants continue to decrease and the water environment quality continue to improve into a positive correlation.This paper reviews the development and effectiveness of total emission reduction,analyzes the bottleneck of water pollutant emission reduction,and puts forward six measures to reduce the water pollutants during the 14 th Five-Year-Plan.The measures include establishing the linkage model of emission reduction-monitoring-environmental quality,connecting pollutant emission permit system,expanding the scope of implementation in connection with the second national pollution source survey,introducing economic policy,increasing the funding and publicity for rural environmental protection and designing differential evaluation of pollution parameter.