气候变化背景下能源转型的地方战略——以德国、美国和日本为例

Local strategy for energy transformation under the background of climate change:from the perspective of Germany,the US and Japan

近年来,加快全球能源转型、实现绿色低碳发展已经成为国际社会的共同使命。在能源转型的进程中,能源结构由传统集中式逐步走向社区分散式,公民由被动接受能源决策向主动参与能源治理实践转变。德国、美国、日本在地方能源转型中根据地区特点衍生出能源合作社、地方型能源公司、公民电厂等发展模式,充分强调公民的参与权利,因地制宜地发挥地方政府的能源治理作用,实现了公民与地方政府在能源转型过程中的良性互动。三国地方政府享有充分的土地利用规划权、成熟的公民参与能源治理途径及多样化的跨域能源合作等经验,对我国地方推动能源转型、应对气候变化具有借鉴意义。

In recent years,accelerating global energy transformation and achieving green and low-carbon development have become the common mission of the international community.In the process of energy transformation,the energy structure has gradually shifted from traditional centralized to community,and citizens have changed from passively accepting energy decisions to actively participating in energy governance practices.In the local energy transition,Germany,the United States,and Japan have derived development models such as energy cooperatives,local energy companies,and civic power plants based on regional characteristics.These models fully emphasize the rights of citizens to participate,adapt to the local government’s energy governance role,and strengthen the positive interaction between citizens and local governments in the process of energy transformation.The experience of the local governments have the land use right,mature citizens’participation in energy governance,and diversified cross-domain energy cooperation is significant for China’s local governments to promote energy transformation and cope with climate change.