冷应激对哺乳动物神经内分泌系统影响的研究进展

Research Progress on The Effects of Cold Stress on Mammalian Neuroendocrine System

冷刺激是北方地区一种常见的应激原,冷应激对北方地区养殖行业的影响很大,容易给养殖户带来较大的经济损失。在冷应激发生时,动物机体产生的变化非常复杂,机体作为一个整体,通过神经-内分泌途径动员了机体大部分的器官和组织来对付寒冷以维持机体内环境的稳定。此时机体主要的反应是使产热增加,散热减少,机体更多的能量从生产方面转移到生存方面。论文从交感-肾上腺髓质系统(SAM)、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统(HPA)、丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴(HPT)与相关激素等综述了冷应激对哺乳动物神经内分泌系统的影响,以期为了解哺乳动物冷应激的生理调节机制奠定理论基础,同时也为应激反应机制的进一步研究提供科学依据。

Cold stimulation is a common stressor in northern China.Cold stress has a great impact on the breeding industry,and it is easy to bring great economic losses to farmers.When cold stress occurs,the changes of animal body are very complex.As a whole,the body mobilizes most organs and tissues of the body through neuroendocrine pathway to maintain the stability of the internal environment of body.At this time,the main response of the body is to increase heat production,reduce heat dissipation,and transfer more energy from production to survival.This paper reviews the effects of cold stress on mammalian neuroendocrine system from sympathetic-adrenal medulla system(SAM),hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system(HPA),hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis(HPT)and related hormones,hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for understanding the physiological regulation mechanism of cold stress in mammals,meanwhile,to provide scientific basis for further research on stress response mechanism.