新冠疫情对撒哈拉以南非洲经济发展的影响

The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Sub-Saharan Africa

席卷全球的新型冠状病毒性肺炎疫情也波及撒哈拉以南非洲地区。在采取"封城"、宵禁、关闭边境、禁航等隔离措施,以及全球供应链中断、进出口贸易受阻、外部需求急剧下降、投资和侨汇等外部资金锐减等多种因素影响下,撒哈拉以南非洲国家经济遭受沉重打击。其表现是:劳动者身体健康受到极大威胁,宏观经济陷入衰退,政府财政压力陡升,金融稳定性受到动摇,粮食供需矛盾趋紧,实现包容性经济增长将更为艰难。对此,撒哈拉以南非洲国家政府对内采取积极的财政政策,对外努力寻求国际资金支持,以对冲新冠疫情对该地区经济与社会发展的影响。在后新冠疫情时期,各国需加强公共卫生治理能力和基础设施建设,提高公共服务水平;加快经济结构转型,增强经济增长内生驱动力;化危为机,大力发展数字经济等新经济业态;促进非洲自由贸易区发展,推进区域价值链建设。

The epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)sweeping the world has also spread to Sub-Saharan Africa.The economies of Sub-Saharan Africa have been hit hard by the imposition of quarantine measures such as city lockdown,curfews,border closures and air travel bans,as well as the disruption of global supply chains,the disruption of import and export trade,the sharp decline in external demand,and in investment and remittances.The impact of COVID-19 can be seen in the following aspects:workers’health is under great threat;the macro economy is in recession;the government’s fiscal pressure is rising sharply;financial stability is being shaken;the contradiction between food supply and demand is tightening,and inclusive economic growth is more difficult to achieve.In this regard,governments of Sub-Saharan African countries adopt proactive fiscal policies internally and seek international financial support externally to hedge the impact of COVID-19 on the region and society.In the post-epidemic era,Sub-Saharan African governments need to strengthen public health governance capacity and infrastructure construction,and improve public service capacity;accelerate the transformation of economic structure and strengthen the internal driving force of economic growth;turn crisis into opportunity and vigorously develop new economic forms such as digital economy;promote the development of the African Continental Free Trade Area and advance the building of regional value chains.