情态副词“说不定”和“说不准”的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Modal Adverbs“Shuobuding”and“Shuobuzhun”

“说不定”和“说不准”是由能性述补结构演变为具有情态意义的副词,二者都是对事件或者命题的推测,表达一种可能认识情态。“说不定”和“说不准”可以位于句中和句首,但是“说不定”的句法位置更高。从语义倾向性上来看,“说不准”表达一种若然情态,“说不定”表达一种或然情态。情态副词“说不准”一般只用于未然事件,而情态副词“说不定”可以用于未然事件,也可以用于已然事件的推测,二者具有此种语用差别的原因主要和它们的语法化程度有关。

The“Shuobuding”and“Shuobuzhun”are the adverbs that evolve from the energetic complement structure to the modal meaning,and the two are all speculates on the events or propositions and express a possible understanding of the modality.“Shuobuding”and“Shuobuzhun”can be located in the beginning and middle sentence,but the syntactic position of“Shuobuding”is even higher.From the perspective of semantic tendencies,“Shuobuzhun”express“a probable mood”,“Shuobuding”express“a possible mood”.The modal adverb“Shuobuzhun”is generally used only for the unexpected events,and the modal adverb may be used for the unexpected events or the speculation of the past events.The two reasons for this pragmatic difference are mainly related to the degree of their grammaticalization.