输血后新发再发病毒感染的现状与挑战

Status and challenges of post-transfusion infections with emerging and reemerging viruses

筛查献血者血液中的经血液传播病原体是血液安全战略的重要部分,但目前国际和国内常规的献血者筛查项目主要包括人类免疫缺陷病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒,其他各种新发再发病毒并没有列入筛查项目,血液和血液制品一直存在其它经血传播病原体感染的输血风险,也给血液安全和输血医学的发展带来潜在威胁。本文从4个方面系统阐述了新发再发病毒病与输血医学的联系:包括输血后新发再发病毒感染简介、现状、检测方法以及目前面临的挑战等方面,以期对未来制定血液筛查策略、促进血液安全系统性地提供思路和参考。

It is a critical strategy for blood safety to screen bloodborne pathogens in blood donors.Although common viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus have been routinely included in the screening category,other unlisted emerging and reemerging viruses,as constant risk factors for transfusion-transmitted infections,are potential threats to blood safety and transfusion medicine.This review focuses on the association of transfusion medicine with emerging and reemerging viral diseases,from definition of post-transfusion infections with emerging and reemerging viruses,incidents of transfusion transmitted viral infections,detecting method,to current challenges.These emerging threats should be comprehensively considered for ad hoc adjustment of blood screening strategies and promoting blood safety in the future.