中药有效成分体外抗乳腺癌作用机制的研究进展

Anti-breast Cancer Mechanism of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Vitro

乳腺癌主要发生于女性乳腺上皮组织,发病机制复杂而尚未明确,病死率高且呈逐年上升趋势,并且越来越年轻化,严重威胁女性健康,因此,寻找能高效低毒抗乳腺癌的药物迫在眉睫。乳房本非维持生命的必需器官,但癌细胞极易脱落转移,随着血液或淋巴液全身扩散是其导致死亡的主要原因,外科手术、放、化疗、分子靶向、内分泌治疗、免疫治疗等,因其毒副作用和较难控制癌细胞侵袭转移,具有一定的局限性。近年来,中药因其多途径、多靶点、毒副作用小等独特优势,得到国内外研究者的广泛研究和重视,并对具有抗乳腺癌活性的中药及其有效成分进行了大量相关的研究。该文通过查阅和筛选整理近10年国内外相关文献,以黄酮类、多酚类、生物碱、萜类等中药成分出发,以其体外抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞侵袭迁移及黏附等作用机制为主要内容,以归纳总结其靶向作用的主要相关通路为辅,综述中药有效成分体外抗乳腺癌的作用机制的研究概况。中药有效成分的深入研究,有望为研制出高效靶向治疗乳腺癌的制剂提供参考,此后的相关研究中建议在深入挖掘中药有效成分的基础上,对作用于相同或相近通路、因子、蛋白质等的中药有效成分进行联合应用,结合中医药配伍理论,达到高效抗乳腺癌的效果。

Breast cancer mainly occurs in woman’s mammary epithelial tissues,with a complex and unclear pathogenesis.The mortality rate is high and increasing year by year,and the patients become younger and younger,which seriously threatens woman’s health.Therefore,it’s urgent to find high-efficiency and lowtoxicity medicines against breast cancer.The breast is not an essential organ for life support,but the cancer cells can easily fall off and metastasize throughout the body with blood or lymph fluid.It’s a main cause of death.Surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,molecular targeting,endocrine therapy,immunity therapy have certain limitations due to serious toxicity and side effects and the difficulty in controlling the invasion and metastasis of the cancer cell.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been widely studied and valued by researchers at home and abroad due to its unique advantages,such as multiple pathways,multiple targets,low toxicity and fewer side effects,and a lot of TCMs and their active ingredients with the anti-breast cancer activity have been studied by the researchers.Based on flavonoids,polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes and other TCM ingredients,the mechanism in inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation,inducing it apoptosis,inhibiting it invasion and migration in vitro were taken as the main content,which was supplemented by the summary of main relevant signal pathways targeted by the ingredients.This study reviewed the mechanism of ingredients in suppressing breast cancer in vitro by viewing and screening relevant literature at home and abroad in the past 10 years.The in-depth study of effective ingredients of TCM is expected to provide a reference for the development of effective targeting preparations for treating breast cancer.On the basis of in-depth excavation of active ingredients of TCM,relevant studies in the future are suggested to apply the ingredients of TCM acting on the same or similar pathways,factors,proteins,and make use of the basic theory of TCM,so as to achieve the effect in against breast cancer.