从“得”到“德”:功利主义导向“绿色”美德的可能性

From“Utility”to“Virtue”:The Possibility of Utilitarianism Leading to“Green”Virtues

在当代话语中讨论幸福将会涉及人的生活环境问题。环境保护在何种意义上成为道德问题,功利主义对此最具解释力。功利主义在对幸福内涵的理解、对幸福观念的构架以及对幸福要素的测量三个方面都呈现出理论上的优势,但同时也遭到了美德伦理学的批评。随着功利主义理论在当代的发展和推进,它逐渐呈现一种向美德伦理学靠拢的趋势。在环境保护的问题中,功利主义加上美德的保障为人们提供了新的思路,即功利主义可以更加关注人的品质和美德的培养,并在此基础上形成一种“绿色美德”。由此,功利主义和美德二者形成了一种开放、灵活的辩证统一关系。

Global environmental change leads to the concerns about the conception of well-being in contemporary discourse because the best result will be produced by generally belief from the people’s behavior.In what sense does environmental protection become a moral issue?Utilitarianism has the most explanatory power in focusing on people’s good life about good behaviors on calculating individual acts.While in other cases it is best for us to be concerned with character traits,which means to hold a kind of virtue.The contrast between utilitarianism and virtue theory is typically in terms of understanding,framing,and measuring the factors of well-being.With the development and advancement of utilitarianism in contemporary times,it gradually presents a tendency to virtue ethics.The combination of utilitarian principle and character traits keeps the security of environmental protection,thus utilitarianism could attach more on the quality of the people and the cultivation of the virtues,which is called a kind of“green”virtue.Both consequence and virtue will form a kind of open and flexible dialectical relations.