现象学与伯林特环境美学的理论建构

Phenomenology and the Theoretical Construction of Berleant’s the Environmental Aesthetics

现象学对于环境美学产生了较大影响,对于环境美学的基础理论建构发挥了重要作用,这集中体现在伯林特的环境美学研究中。伯林特借鉴胡塞尔现象学而提出的"环境现象学"否定了实体性的环境观,认为环境必然包含人的参与,所以应该以"审美环境"取代"周围事物"意义上的环境;在梅洛-庞蒂知觉现象学的基础上,伯林特重新阐发了鲍姆加滕对于审美的解释,将知觉体验视为审美体验的核心乃至同义词,从而将人与环境的关系界定为知觉关系;在海德格尔存在主义现象学的影响下,伯林特克服其神学痕迹而将环境美学的思想主题确定为朴素的"栖居",也就是为了让人类获得宜居的场所。现象学大大强化了环境美学的哲学维度,使我们得以清晰地看到形成环境美学整体理论图景的哲学根源。

Phenomenology has great influence on environmental aesthetics and plays an important role in the construction of basic theory of environmental aesthetics,which is especially embodied in Arnold Berleant’s study of environmental aesthetics.Based on Husserl’s phenomenology,Berleant proposes"phenomenology of environment",which denies realistic environmental conception and holds that environment must contain the human participation.So"surroundings"should be replaced by"aesthetic environment".Based on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception,Berleant reinterprets Baumgarten’s interpretation of aesthetics and regards perceptual experience as the core and even synonym of aesthetic experience,and thus defines the relationship between human and environment as perceptual relationship.Under the influence of Heidegger’s existentialism phenomenology,Berleant overcomes the traces of theology in Heidegger’s philosophy and defines the theme of environmental aesthetics as"dwelling"in order to make human beings obtain livable places.Phenomenology greatly strengthens the philosophical dimension of environmental aesthetics and makes us see clearly the philosophical root that forms the overall theoretical picture of environmental aesthetics.