世界一流大学建设对高等教育系统的公共价值——以法国、德国发展经验为例

The Public Value of the Construction of Worldclass Universities to the Higher Education System——Taking the Development Experience of France and Germany as an Example

世界一流大学成为了全球政策话语。一项“合理的”世界一流大学计划应该是通过产生公共效益去提升高等教育系统的效益。从法国和德国实施世界一流大学的政策实例来看,现今的部分世界一流大学计划可能的确会为高等教育系统增添新的障碍,淡化高等教育的系统特征,降低溢出效应发生的可能性,从而减少了公共效益。政策制定者需要改进世界一流大学计划,借鉴国际政策经验并本土化,促进本国高等教育系统的均衡发展,避免零和博弈,最终促进高等教育系统性完善。

World-class universities have become the global policy discourse. A "rational" world-class university plan should enhance the efficiency of the higher education system by generating public benefits. Through the analysis of the implementation of worldclass university policies in France and Germany, it is found that some of today’s worldclass university plans may indeed add new obstacles to the higher education system, diluting the characteristics of the higher education system, reducing the possibility of spillover effects, and thus reducing public benefits. Policymakers need to improve the world-class university plans, learn from international experience and policies and localize them, promote the balanced development of their higher education system, avoiding zero-sum games,and ultimately promote the systematic improvement of higher education.