涉公共卫生突发事件犯罪的刑法规范体系完善——基于从“管理”到“治理”的考察与展望

The Perfection of the Criminal Law Norm System of Crimes Concerning Public Health Emergency——Based on the Investigation and Outlook from“Management”to“Governance”

我国涉公共卫生突发事件犯罪的刑法规范体系经历了以"97《刑法》修订""非典""新冠肺炎"为节点的三个发展阶段,逐步形成了以"秩序稳定"为目标,焦距于现实问题的"管理型"立法模式。这一模式虽可以实现应急性犯罪打击,但也造成了立法保护范围的单一、体系编排的临散、规定设置的模糊及衔接协调性的欠缺。基于治理转型需要,本领域立法应实现从"管理型"向"治理型"的范式转换。在目标上,实现从"秩序维护"到"多元保障"的转向;在模式上,实现从"动员模式"向"调试模式"的调整;在方法上,实现"粗放管理"向"精细治理"的纠正。进而在整体法律体系运行中,建立起以公共卫生等多元法益保障为基点的专门化、体系化、协调式刑法应对。

China's criminal law normative system for public health emergencies has gone through three development stages with the revision of the Criminal Law of 97,SARS,and COVID-19 as the nodes.So far,a“management-based”legislative model has gradually come into being,which aims at achieving“order and stability”and focuses on practical issues.This mode can crack down emergency crimes,but it also has such deficiencies as singleness of legislative protection scope,disintegration of the system arrangement,a vague set of regulations,and lack of cohesion and coordination.Based on the needs of governance transformation,legislation in this field should realize a paradigm shift from“management type”to“governance type”.To be specific,a change from order maintenance to multiple protection in goal,from“mobilization mode”to“debug mode”,and from“extensive management”to“fine governance”in the methods.And the final goal is to establish a specialized,systematic and coordinated criminal law response based on the protection of multiple legal interests such as public health in the overall legal system operation.