历史、结构、比较三维视角下的大众文化探析

Analysis of Popular Culture from the Perspectives of History,Structure and Comparison

随着古代精英社会向现代大众社会的转变,大众文化的社会影响力越来越大。文化学者围绕大众文化展开了各个角度各种立场的丰富探讨,为我们深刻理解和把握大众文化提供了坚实的基础,但同时也使大众文化问题变得复杂难解、扑朔迷离。我们试图通过历史、结构和比较三维视角的聚焦,揭秘大众文化的核心问题。从历史主义的视角,大众文化是社会底层文化自由序列逻辑演进的现代环节;从结构主义的视角,大众文化处在主流文化、精英文化和大众文化的层级结构中,构成顶层文化与底层文化、高雅文化与世俗文化两对矛盾;从文化比较的视角,在颠覆性或整合性和肯定或者否定组成的基本框架中,西方大众文化理论最终形成了肯定颠覆性与否定整合性的辩证法,中国大众文化理论突显肯定颠覆性与肯定整合性的辩证法。

With the transformation from ancient elite society to modern mass society,popular culture becomes more and more socially influential.Cultural scholars have carried out rich discussions on this topic from various angles and positions,which provides a solid foundation for us to deeply understand and grasp it,but also makes its problems complex and difficult to solve.This paper tries to reveal the core issues of popular culture through the focus of three-dimensional perspective of history,structure and comparison.From the perspective of historicism,popular culture is the modern link of the evolution logic of the free sequence of culture at the bottom of society.From the perspective of structuralism,popular culture is in the hierarchical structure of mainstream culture,elite culture and popular culture,which constitutes the contradiction between top culture and bottom culture,between elegant culture and secular culture.From the perspective of cultural comparison,in the basic framework of subversive or integrative and affirmative or negative composition,the dialectics of subversive affirmation and integrative negation finally takes shape in the Western popular culture theory,while the Chinese popular culture theory highlights the dialectics of subversive affirmation and integrative affirmation.