海南茶园复合种植对土壤性状及茶叶化学品质的影响

Effects of Compound Planting on Soil Properties and Tea Quality in Tea Garden of Hainan Island

【目的】为了探究海南茶园复合种植对茶园土壤理化性状、茶树生长发育和茶叶化学品质的影响,为海南茶园绿色生产及提升茶叶品质提供依据。【方法】通过构建茶园生态结构,开展田间试验。【结果】黄槐(乔木)-茶树(灌木)-野花生(草本)复合种植结构在土壤性状和茶叶品质上均优于茶树-黄槐、茶树-野花生和单一茶树种植结构;单一茶树种植结构表现最差,且与黄槐-茶树-野花生复合种植结构差异显著(P<0.05)。黄槐-茶树-野花生复合种植结构表层土壤含水量增幅为33.70%;分层土壤温度最高降幅达28.31%,最低降幅5.29%;表层土壤有机质增加25.86%;碱解氮增加30.03%;速效磷增加25.51%,速效钾增加28.75%;茶树芽长和百芽重分别增加了17.58%、33.12%(鲜)和39.88%(干);茶叶水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸和黄酮分别增加14.41%、18.71%、14.21%和32.87%。【结论】黄槐-茶树-野花生复合种植能增强茶园土壤保肥保水能力,改善茶树的生长发育水平,提升茶叶品质质量。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effect of compound vegetation community on soil properties,growth of tea plant and chemical quality of tea leaves,and provide basis for green production of tea garden and promotion of tea quality in Hainan.【Method】The field experiment was carried out by constructing the ecological structure of tea garden.【Result】The results indicated that the compound planting of Cassia surattensis Burm.f.(tree)-teabush(shrub)-Sennatora(L.)Roxb.(herbaceous)were better than the structure of Cassia surattensis Burm.f.teabush,thestructure of teabush-Senna tora(L.)Roxb.And the structure of single tea planting;the structure of single tea planting had significant difference compared with Cassia surattensis Burm.f.-teabush-Sennatora(L.)Roxb.(P<0.05).The increase in soil moisture was 33.70%;The highest decline of soil temperature in stratified soil was 28.31%,and the lowest decline was 5.29%;The organic matter,the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and the available phosphorus in surface soil increased by 25.86%,30.03%,25.51%,and 28.75%,respectively;The bud length and bud weight of tea tree increased by 17.58%,33.12%(fresh)and 39.88%(dry),respectively;The water extracts,tea polyphenols,amino acids and flavonoids in tea leaves increased by 14.41%,18.71%,14.21%and 32.87%,respectively.【Conclusion】The Cassia surattensis Burm.f.-teabush-Sennatora(L.)Roxb.could enhance the soil fertility and the capacity of water holding in tea garden,improve the growth and development of tea plants,and improve the tea quality.