夏季修剪对‘翠玉’猕猴桃植株生长及果实品质的影响

Effect of Summer Pruning on Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Cuiyu’Kiwifruit

【目的】探明不同夏季修剪方式对‘翠玉’猕猴桃植株生长及果实品质的影响,为猕猴桃园区夏季整形修剪提供理论依据。【方法】本试验以7年生‘翠玉’猕猴桃品种为试材,研究了花后40 d结果蔓不同短截程度对其枝蔓生长发育及产量品质的影响。【结果】①花后40 d对‘翠玉’猕猴桃旺盛结果蔓采取零叶修剪(即结果蔓最后一果以上不留叶片进行短截,每一结果母蔓上最多短截3枝),其植株更新蔓数量、长度和粗度较CK(全株不短截)分别增加73.02%、29.65%、53.79%,平均单果重、Vc含量和单株产量较CK增加6.71%、9.47%、10.22%,持续2年按此方法短截,翌年的结果母蔓质量和植株产量增加更显著;②花后40 d对结果蔓留3~5片叶短截和留7~8片叶短截也能显著提高单果重、单株产量和更新蔓质量,但因其二次枝抽发数量、平均长度和粗度较零叶修剪显著增加,叶幕透光率更低;③不同程度短截后果实干物质、可溶性固形、总糖、总酸含量及糖酸比均较CK有所降低,以3~5片叶短截降低最明显,但零叶修剪与CK差异不显著。【结论】花后40 d对‘翠玉’猕猴桃旺盛结果蔓采取零叶修剪能有效促进猕猴桃植株养分积累并提高果实品质相关指标,是‘翠玉’猕猴桃适宜推广的夏季修剪方式。

【Objective】It’s aimed to investigate the effect of diffeerent summer pruning treatments on kiwi plant growth and fruit quality,and to provide theoretical basis for pruning and shaping in kiwifruit garden in summer.【Method】In the present test,the 7-year-old‘Cuiyu’kiwifruit variety was used as the sample to study the effect of the degree of cutting 40 days after flowering of fruiting canes on growth,development,yield and quality of the branches.【Result】(i)The‘zero-leaf pruning’was carried out for the flourishing fruiting tendrils of‘Cuiyu’kiwifruit 40 days after flowering(that was,the leaves above the last fruit on the fruiting canes were clearing out by pruning,and a maximum of 3 canes on each fruiting cane were left),the number,length and thickness of newborn canes increased by 73.02%,29.65%and 53.79%respectively,comparing with CK(no cutting for the whole plant),and the mean fruit weight,content of vitamin C and yield of per plant increased by 6.71%,9.47%and 10.22%.If prunning was carried out continuously for 2 years by this way,the quality and plant yield of the fruiting canes increased more significantly;(ii)The cutting with 3 to 5 leaves left and 7 to 8 leaves left 40 days after flowering could also significantly improve the mean fruit weight,yield per plant and quality of newborn canes;however,the number,average length and thickness of secondary sprouted branches were significantly increased compared with that of the canes subject to‘zero-leaf pruning’,and the plant transmittance was lower;(iii)The dry matter,soluble solids,total sugar,total acid content and sugar-acid ratio of the fruits were lower than that of CK after different degrees of cutting,and the most obvious treatment was that of the pinching with 3 to 5 leaves left,but the difference between‘zero-leaf pruning’and CK was not significant.【Conclusion】The‘zero-leaf pruning’was carried out for the flourishing fruiting tendrils of‘Cuiyu’kiwifruit 40 days after flowering could effectively promote the kiwi plant nutrient accumulation and improve the fruit quality related indicators,was suitable for the promotion of jade kiwi summer pruning.