基于IC卡与GPS数据融合的公交线路运力配置

Allocation Method of Urban Bus Line Transportation Facilities Based on the IC Card Data and GPS Data

为了解决公交的运力供给与客流需求在时空上存在不匹配的问题,避免公交线路运力资源的短缺或者浪费,系统研究了基于公交IC卡与GPS等数据的公交线路运力配置方法。首先,研究了智能交通背景下公交IC卡与GPS等数据产生的模式及数据结构,并分析了这两种数据的预处理步骤与方法。其次,利用公交IC卡与GPS数据融合的方式,获取公交线路各站点上客情况,利用两站点模型推断乘客下车站点,从而求解断面客流在各时段上的分布规律,为运力配置提供数据支撑。再次,定义成本目标函数,构建基于需求特征分析的运力配置多目标决策模型。最后,以宁波6路公交为例,验证了该方法的可行性。

At present,there is a shortage of resources or waste in the capacity allocation of public transit.In essence,this is the problem of mismatch between supply and demand in time and space.To solve this problem,this paper systematically discusses the bus line capacity allocation based on bus IC card and GPS data.Firstly,introduces the mode and the data structure of bus IC card and bus GPS data under the background of intelligent transport and analyzes the preprocessing steps and methods of these two kinds of data.Then,this paper combines the bus IC card and GPS data to obtain the amount of passengers get on the bus on each bus station,and uses two-site model to infer the stations where passengers get off the bus.So as to solve the crosssection passenger flow distribution in each time period,and provide the data support for the capacity allocation.On this basis,the cost objective function is defined,and the multi-objective decision-making model of capacity allocation based on demand characteristic analysis is constructed.Finally,take the Ningbo 6 bus as an example to verify the feasibility of this method.