北京故宫养心殿和养性殿的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Hall of Mental Cultivation and the Hall of Spiritual Cultivation in the Forbidden City,Beijing

养心殿位于紫禁城内廷乾清宫西侧,其主殿大木结构为明代中期遗构,为清代皇帝寝兴常临之所;养性殿位于宁寿宫区养性门内,清代乾隆年间仿内廷养心殿建造,作为乾隆颐养天年的倦勤后寝兴之所。以故宫养心殿、养性殿为研究对象,通过对照宋代《营造法式》以及清代《工程做法》将二者进行比较研究,对平面及大木结构等方面的特点进行分析讨论,证明二者虽在型制、大小、功能上有诸多相同点,但在大木结构方面仍有其各自的时代特征,为后期我们进行明清建筑大木作比较研究奠定了基础。与此同时,养心殿与养性殿还是明清建筑史中的重要组成部分,具有极高历史价值。

The Hall of Mental Cultivation is located in the Forbidden City,on the west side of Qianqing Palace.It is where the Qing emperors often used as a place of rest and rejuvenation.The Hall of Spiritual Cultivation is located in the Door of Spiritual of Tranquil Longevity.It was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in imitation of the inner court’s Hall of Mental Cultivation as a place of rest for Emperor Qianlong’s retirement days.Our research focus on the Hall of Mental Cultivation and the Hall of Spiritual Cultivation,including the comparative investigation in reference to the"Building Method"from the Song dynasty and the"Engineering Practice"from the Qing dynasty,as well as the analysis and discussion of the characteristics of the ground plans and structural framing system.Research has demonstrated that the two halls retained unique features of their respective time periods,in spite of similarities in typology,size and function,laying the groundwork for further comparative investigation on the structural framing system of Ming and Qing dynasties buildings.In addition,the Hall of Mental Cultivation and the Hall of Spiritual Cultivation are also important pieces in the architectural history of Ming and Qing Dynasties with significant historical value.