从灌溉工程遗产看中国传统灌溉技术特征

Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Irrigation Techniques from the Perspective of Irrigation Engineering Heritage

灌溉工程的发展对农业经济和人类生计具有基础支撑地位。特有的自然环境和社会发展使灌溉工程在中国得以长期持续发展,创造了类型丰富、型式多样的传统灌溉工程,并对中国社会经济和文化发展产生了深远影响。文章基于灌溉工程遗产的视角,系统总结了中国传统灌溉的工程理念、规划设计、生态影响、变迁发展及管理等方面的基本特征,并基于当前灌溉工程遗产保护工作普遍面临的突出问题提出保护策略建议。

The development of irrigation engineering has served as foundational support for agricultural economies and human livelihood.China’s unique natural environment and social development have enabled the continued development of irrigation projects throughout its history.As a result,China has a rich and diversified variety of traditional irrigation structures which have in turn exerted a profound influence on its social,economic,and cultural development.Based on the perspective of irrigation engineering heritage,this paper systematically summarizes the basic characteristics of traditional irrigation projects in historical China in terms of their engineering philosophy,planning and design,ecological impact,development,and management.Furthermore,this paper proposes suggestions for protection strategies based on common problems in present-day irrigation engineering heritage protection work.