投保人解除权研究——以我国《保险法》第15条为制度前提

订立保险合同的相对方为投保人与保险人,但在投保人以自己名义,为他人利益计算而订立之“保险契约”中,[1]被保险人对保险合同的期待利益能否实现往往依赖于投保人的行为。因此,投保人解除合同的行为会同时对投保人、保险人、被保险人三者的利益造成影响。现实生活中,不少争议的产生都因投保人行使解除权而产生。司法上做法的混乱与立法的模糊性密切相关。因此,要明确我国投保人解除权的行使方式,必须从立法宗旨出发,找到投保人合同自由与被保险人期待利益之间的相对衡平点,以该点为基础使投保人负担适当的通知义务,从而同时做到维护投保人解除合同的自由与保障被保险人的期待利益。

The parties to conclude an insurance contract are the applicant and the insurer. However, in the "insurance contract" concluded by the applicant in his own name and calculated for the interests of others,whether the insured can realize the expected benefits of the insurance contract often depends on the behavior of the applicant. Therefore, the applicant’s termination of the contract will affect the interests of the applicant,the insurer and the insured at the same time. In real life, many disputes arise because of the applicant’s exercise of the right to terminate. The confusion of judicial practice is closely related to the ambiguity of legislation. Therefore, to make clear the way of policy-holder’s termination right, it is necessary to start from the legislative purpose and find the relative balance between the applicant’s freedom to contract and the insured’s expectation of interests, on the basis of which make the applicant assume proper notification obligation so as to maintain the termination right of the applicant and guarantee the expected benefit of the insured at the same time.