间接正犯的实务厘清与限缩适用

Practical Clarification and Restricted Application of Indirect Perpetrator

间接正犯在我国司法实践中的不当认定导致了对构成要件要素的错误理解、对罪名的错误认定、过度压缩共犯成立空间等问题。间接正犯的认定不仅需要较高程度的规范判断,而且其正犯性根据也存在诸多疑问,因此应当限缩间接正犯的范围。一方面,应当确立直接正犯的优先地位,灵活解释实行行为和正确认定犯罪对象、既遂标准。另一方面,应当合理运用共犯原理分解当前间接正犯的司法适用。在利用限制刑事责任能力者的行为、利用他人缺乏故意的行为等场合,应当优先认定成立共犯。在间接正犯范围的确定上,应当采取类型化的解释方法。只有在特定的、符合类型的情况下,才能运用间接正犯的理论解决问题。

The improper identification of indirect perpetrator in China’s judicial practice has led to problems such as misunderstanding of the constituent elements,wrong identification of crimes,and excessive compression of the establishment space of joint offenders.The identification of indirect perpetrator in practice requires a high degree of normative judgment,In addition,there are many questions about the basis of the indirect perpetrator,so the scope of indirect perpetrator should be narrowed.On the one hand,the priority status of direct principal offenders should be established,and the crime behaviors should be flexibly interpreted,and the targets of the crimes should be correctly identified.On the other hand,use the principle of joint offender to decompose the determination of indirect perpetrator.In the occasions of using the behavior of the person who’s ability of criminal responsibility is restricted,or the use of other people’s lack of intentional behavior,priority should be given to establishing the joint offender.In determining the scope,indirect perpetrator should be typed.Only in some specific type can the theory of indirect perpetrator be used to solve problems.