德里达后期解构哲学的政治伦理之维

The Ethico-politics in Derrida’s Late Deconstructionism

从二十世纪九十年代开始,德里达陆续在一系列著述中将解构主义的哲学思辨与当今世界的重要时代议题相绾合,提出了一套以宽恕、友爱、好客为核心的全新政治理念,深刻揭橥了解构哲学内蕴的政治伦理责任和人道主义关怀。德里达对"好客伦理""避难之城""将临的民主"的阐说,体现了他后期对全球化语境下社会困境和国际政治的洞见,以及他对未来世界政治图景的构想。德里达的解构哲学并非固囿于文本内部的纯文学批评,或是逃离政治的虚无主义游戏,而是旨在消解一切封闭自洽的单向度建构,希冀以流动多元的思维模式观照个体与异质他者的共存空间,从而在一种不可能的情境中重构一种可能的生命形态。

Derrida’s work from the 1990 s onwards evinces increased preoccupation with social and political concerns of the times and reinvigorates a stunning array of such concepts as forgiveness,friendship,and hospitality,all of which manifest the ethico-political dimensions and humanistic agenda underpinning deconstructionism. Derrida’s exposition of"hospitality","cities of refuge",and "democracy to come" demonstrates his penetrative insights into global politics and societal aporias as well as his ongoing rec-conceptualization of a new cosmopolitan landscape. Contrary to common assumptions,deconstructionism is anything but a rigidly text-bound critical approach to literature or a nihilistic game of political escapism. Rather,it embraces a more fluid and pluralistic space with a strong emphasis on co-existence with the singularity of the other,and in dismantling any self-imposed enclosure,reconstitutes an existential experience of the impossible.