新中国成立初期传统农业改造研究

A Study on Traditional Agriculture Transformation in the Early of New China

近代以来,国人曾尝试通过引进良种、提高种植技术、开展乡村改良运动等方式进行传统农业改造,力求达到改变农村社会的目的,但收效甚微。新中国成立初期,互助合作的开展解决了土地改革后在全国广大农村普遍出现的个体劳动在畜力、农具、资金等方面不足的问题,有利于农业技术的推广,增强了农民抵御自然灾害和意外风险的能力,根除了传统农业社会的一些弊病和保守思想,提高了农民的生产积极性和劳动效率。事实证明,互助合作与推广农业技术相结合是土地改革后改造传统农业的有效途径,促进了农业生产的发展和农村社会的变革。

Since modern times, Chinese people have tried to transform traditional agriculture by introducing improved seeds, improving planting technology, carrying out rural improvement movement and so on in order to change the rural society, but that has been pursued with little success. In the early of New China, mutual aid and cooperation helped to solve the problems of the shortage of individual labor’s animal power, farm tools, funds and so on existed commonly in the vast countryside after the Land Reform, which was conducive to the spread of agricultural technology, improved farmers’ ability to resist natural disasters and unexpected risks, eradicated some malpractices and conservative ideas in traditional agricultural society and improved farmers’ enthusiasm for production and labor efficiency. It has been proved that the combination of mutual aid and cooperation and extension of agricultural technology is an effective way to transform traditional agriculture after Land Reform and promote the development of agricultural production and the transformation of rural society.