马克思关于人与自然关系的实践建构论及其启示

Marx's Practical Constructivism on the Relationship between Human and Nature and Its Enlightenment

在马克思看来,自由自觉的实践活动是人的类本质,因而,人类与自然的关系同动物与自然的关系有着本质性差别。动物与自然界是消极被动的适应性关系,而人类则是通过自由自觉的实践活动能动地改造着自然界,从而使人与自然的关系成为不断改变与生成的由人建构的关系。工业实践中,人类对自己与自然关系的错误建构导致了人与自然关系的异化,对人类的可持续发展构成了严重威胁。为规避工业文明的生态风险与挑战,我国进行了生态文明转向。生态文明建设的首要前提是重新构建人与自然的生命共同体关系,实现人与自然的和谐共生。对此,马克思关于人与自然关系的实践建构思想为新时代生态文明建设提供了宝贵的思想资源。我们可以从观念建构、行为建构、技术-工具建构三个方面来重构人与自然之间的和谐关系。

In Marx's opinion,the free conscious practice is human nature,thus,the relationship between human and nature is essentially different from that of animal and nature,which is passive adaptation,while human transforms the nature through free conscious practice,so the relationship between human and nature keeps changing and forming which is constructed by human.In industrial practice,human's misconstruction of the relationship between himself and nature leads to the alienation of the relationship,which poses serious threats to human's sustainable development.In order to avoid the ecological risks and challenges of industrial civilization,China has carried out the ecological civilization transformation.The chief premise of ecological civilization construction is to reconstruct the life symbiont relationship between human and nature to realize the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.In this regard,Marx's practical construction thoughts on the relationship between human and nature provide valuable ideological resources for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.The harmonious relationship between human and nature can be reconstructed in three aspects:concept construction,behavior construction and technology-tool construction.