急诊科护理工作中的职业暴露与防护对策

Occupational exposure and protective countermeasures in nursing work of emergency department

急诊科是院前急救与院内急诊“绿色通道”有效衔接的重要科室,是医院诊治急、危、重症患者的窗口及转运站。由于患者来源复杂,涉及较多侵入性诊断与治疗操作,职业暴露情况较多,会增加护理人员工作风险。因此,加强急诊科护理工作中的职业暴露管理与防护,对于保护护理人员、提高护理质量有重要临床意义。结合实际工作和国内外有关文献对急诊科护理工作的工作特点、急诊科护理人员职业暴露危险因素(包括感染的因素、损伤的因素、心理社会压力、社会因素)及急诊科护理人员职业防护措施(包括规范护理行为、树立标准预防概念、建立健全针刺伤管理制度、加强护士职业安全教育、严格执行操作规程、制定切实可行的防护措施、护士心理调节等)进行阐述。

Emergency department is an important department that effectively connects pre-hospital first aid and in-hospital emergency“green channel”,and is the window and transfer station for hospital diagnosis and treatment of urgent,critical and critical patients.Due to the complex source of patients,it involves many invasive diagnosis and treatment operations,and too much occupational exposure,which will increase the work risk of nursing staff.Therefore,strengthening occupational exposure management and protection in emergency department nursing work has important clinical significance for protecting nursing staff and improving nursing quality.Combined with practical work and relevant literature both at home and abroad on the working characteristics of the emergency nursing,emergency nursing staff occupational exposure risk factors(including infection factors,damage factors,psychosocial stress,social factors)emergency department nurses'occupational protection measures(including standard nursing behavior,set up the standard prevention concept,establish and improve the administration system of the needle stick injuries,strengthen nurses occupational safety education,strict operating rules formulated feasible protection measures,nurses psychological adjustment,etc.).