生物炭基肥施用对棉田土壤线虫群落结构的影响

Effect of biochar based application on soil nematode community structure in cotton field

为比较生物炭基肥、生物质炭施用以及常规施肥对棉田土壤线虫群落结构的影响设置棉花田间试验。试验处理为常规施肥(CK)、生物炭基肥+常规追肥(T+C)、生物炭基肥+木醋液追肥(T+M)、生物质炭+常规追肥(SWT)。采用浅盘法分离土壤线虫,用显微镜进行数量统计和种类鉴定,计算多样性生态指数。棉田各施肥处理土壤线虫密度范围为175~334 ind/100 g,表现为T+C>T+M>CK>SWT。CK处理主要线虫优势属为螺旋属Helicotylenchus;T+C处理的线虫优势属为原杆属Protorhabditis、螺旋属Helicotylenchus和针属Paratylenchus,T+M处理的线虫优势属为原杆属Protorhabditis和螺旋属Helicotylenchus,SWT处理的线虫优势属为原杆属Protorhabditis和真头叶属Eucephalobus。所获得的土壤线虫隶属于35个属,添加生物炭基肥提高了土壤线虫总数量、食细菌性线虫数量、食真菌性线虫数量和杂食-捕食性线虫数量,抑制了植食性线虫数量,并且提高了线虫的多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI);T+C和T+M处理的植物寄生线虫成熟指数(PPI)高于CK处理;SWT的植物寄生线虫成熟指数(PPI)低于CK处理。添加生物炭基肥增加了线虫数量,提高了食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫丰度。

Field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of biochar based application and conventional fertilization on soil nematode community structure in cotton fields,the test treatments were:conventional fertilization(CK),biocharbased fertilizer+conventional top dressing(T+C),biochar-based fertilizer+wood vinegar top dressing(T+M),biochar+conventional top dressing(SWT).The soil nematodes were separated by shallow disk method,and the quantitative statistics and species identification were performed by microscope to calculate different diversity ecological index.The soil nematode density in cotton field was 175~334 ind/100 g,which was expressed as T+C>T+M>CK>SWT.Helicotylenchusis were the dominant genus of soil nematode in CK;Protorhabditis,Helicotylenchus and Paratylenchus were the dominant genus of soil nematode in T+C;Protorhabditis and Helicotylenchus were the dominant genus of soil nematode in T+M;Protorhabditis and Eucephalobus were the dominant genus of soil nematode in SWT.The obtained soil nematodes belong to 35 genera.The addition of biochar-based fertilizer increased the total number of soil nematodes,the number of bacterivore nematodes,the number of fungivore nematodes and the number of omnivore/predator nematodes,inhibited the number of plant parasite nematodes,increased the Shannon-Wiener index(H),Pielou evenness index(J)and Wasilewska index(WI).Plant parasitic nematode maturation index(PPI)treated by T+C and T+M were higher than that of CK treatment,while the PPI of SWT treatment was lower than that of CK treatment.The addition of biochar-based fertilizer increased the number of nematodes and increased the abundance of bacterivores nematodes and fungivores.