江西省旱地土壤有效硅含量的分布特征及其影响因素

The distribution characteristics and influence factors of available silicon content in upland soil in Jiangxi province

了解江西旱地土壤有效硅含量分布规律及影响因素,可为今后江西省旱地土壤采取合理的硅肥施用措施提供理论依据。本研究采用柠檬酸浸提—硅钼蓝比色法测定了江西省旱地耕层185个土样的有效硅含量,结果表明:(1)江西旱地土壤有效硅含量范围在12.7~192.0 mg·kg^-1,空间分布存在较大差异,整体表现为北高南低,西高东低,赣东北最低的分布特征。(2)赣东北、赣北、赣西土壤中有效硅含量随着土壤pH值升高而显著(P<0.05)增加;赣南旱地土壤有效硅含量随碱解氮、有效磷的升高而显著(P<0.05)降低。(3)江西省除赣东北土壤有效硅平均含量稻田高于旱地,其他4个区旱地土壤有效硅平均含量均高于稻田。且旱地土壤有效硅含量主要集中在25~115 mg·kg^-1,而稻田土壤有效硅含量主要集中在25~70 mg·kg^-1,旱地有效硅含量缺(25~70mg·kg^-1)与极缺(<25 mg·kg^-1)的土壤占比分别比稻田低7.09%和6.03%。但江西省旱地土壤有效硅含量缺和极缺的也占57.3%,超过一半,急需通过合理施肥提高其含量,保证作物的产量和品质。

Understanding the distribution law and influencing factors of available silicon content in Jiangxi upland soil can provide theoretical basis for adopting reasonable silicon fertilizer application measures in Jiangxi upland soil in the future.In this study,citric acid extraction-silicon molybdenum blue colorimetric method was used to determine the available silicon content of 185 soil samples in the upland plough layer of Jiangxi province.The results showed that:(1)The available silicon content in the upland soil of Jiangxi province ranges from 12.7 mg·kg-1 to 192.0 mg·kg-1,and there are significant differences in its spatial distribution.The overall distribution characteristics of soil available silicon content are higher in the north region and west region,lower in the south region and the east region,while the lowest area locates in the northeast of Jiangxi province.(2)The available silicon contents in the soils of northeast Jiangxi,north Jiangxi and west Jiangxi increase significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of soil pH value.The content of available silicon in upland soil in southern Jiangxi decreases significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of available nitrogen and available phosphorus.(3)The average content of available silicon in upland soil except northeast Jiangxi is higher than that in paddy field in Jiangxi province.Moreover,the available silicon content in upland soil is mainly concentrated in the range of 25~115 mg·kg-1,while the available silicon content in paddy soil is mainly concentrated in the range of 25~70 mg·kg-1.The proportion of soil with deficient(25~70 mg·kg-1)and extremely deficient(<25 mg·kg-1)available silicon content in upland is 7.09%and 6.03%lower than that in paddy field,respectively.However,the proportion of soil with deficient and extremely deficient available silicon content in upland field in Jiangxi province is 57.3%and more than half.It needs to be improved through reasonable fertilization to ensure crop yield and quality.