蚓粪对温室番茄植株叶片光合特性与产量的调节

Regulation of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of tomato in greenhouse by vermicompost

为了明确蚓粪施入对不同连作年限土壤栽培的番茄植株光合作用与产量的调节作用,试验以番茄为供试作物,采用温室内盆栽试验,研究番茄连作0、5和20年土壤中,蚓粪(VM)、鸡粪(CM)、稻草(FS)和化肥(CF),不施肥对照(CK)对番茄植株生长发育、生理特性以及产量的影响。结果表明,在番茄连作0年和5年的土壤中蚓粪处理番茄植株叶片光和参数略低于鸡粪处理,但高于其他处理。在连作20年的土壤中,蚓粪的输入使番茄植株叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度、净光合速率和胞间CO_2浓度较鸡粪处理分别提高了13.70%、12.38%、6.51%和5.85%;较稻草处理分别提高了56.11%、33.21%、19.80%和16.50%;较化肥处理分别提高了84.05%、51.68%、20.89%和42.74%。除蚓粪和鸡粪处理外,其他处理在连作5年和连作20年的土壤中栽培的番茄的生物量、根系活力、产量均低于连作0年的对应处理。蚓粪处理的连作0年和5年的土壤中栽培的番茄产量分别为1 641和1 654 g·株^(-1),高于连作20年的番茄产量(1 593 g·株^(-1)),其生物量和根系活力也高于连作20年的土壤。生产上,可以通过适量输入蚓粪来调节植株的光合作用,提高生物量以及根系活力,从而提高番茄产量。

In order to clarify the effect of vermicompost input on photosynthesis and yield of tomato plants cultivated in different continuous cropping years,tomato was used as the tested crop and pot experiment in greenhouse with soil for tomato continuous cropping 0,5 and 20 years was conducted.Effects of vermicompost(VM),chicken manure(CM),rice straw(FS),chemical fertilizer(CF)and without fertilizer control(CK)on plant growth,physiological characteristics and yield of tomato were studied.The results showed that the leaf physiological parameters of tomato plants treated with vermicompost in 0 and 5 years of continuous cropping soil were slightly lower than those of chicken manure treatment,but higher than those of other treatments.In the soil under continuous cropping for 20 years,the transpiration rate,stomatal conductivity,net photosynthetic rate and CO2 concentration in tomato leaves were 13.70%,12.38%,6.51%and 5.85%higher than those in chicken manure treatment,respectively;compared with rice straw treatment,it increased by 56.11%,33.21%,19.80%and 16.50%,respectively;compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,it increased by 84.05%,51.68%,20.89%and 42.74%,respectively.In addition to the treatment of vermicompost and chicken manure,the biomass,root activity and yield of the tomato cultivated in the soil for 5 years and for 20 years were lower than the corresponding treatment for 0 years.The tomato yield in soil for 0 years and 5 years was 1641 and 1654 g·plant-1,which was slightly higher than that of 20 years continuous cropping(1593 g·plant-1),but the difference was not significant.The biomass and root activity were also higher than those of the soil under continuous cropping for 20 years.In production,the photosynthesis of plants can be regulated by proper input of vermicompost,and the biomass and root activity can be increased,so as to increase the yield of tomato.