智能化如何影响技术进步偏向?

How Does Intelligentization Affect Technical Change Direction?

本文通过构建包含智能化与偏向性技术进步的CES生产函数模型,采用2004—2015年中国省级面板数据,利用工具变量和中介检验方法实证检验智能化对偏向性技术进步的影响及其机制。研究表明:考察期内,中国各省份技术进步总体呈现资本偏向特征,即技术进步有利于资本要素相对边际产出的提高,但近年来,技术进步呈劳动偏向的省份逐年增长;智能化与技术进步偏向之间存在显著负向影响,智能化水平越高,技术进步越偏向劳动,在考虑内生性问题和稳健性问题后,负向影响依然稳健;中介检验表明,智能化不仅通过影响要素效率引发技术进步的劳动偏向,还通过缓解要素价格的扭曲程度,引致技术进步的进一步劳动偏向。本文结论表明了智能化是促进中国经济发展、改善劳动收入分配的重要路径。

It constructed a CES production function including intelligentization and directed technical change.Furthermore,the IV method and mediation model were utilized to empirically examine the influence of intelligentization on technical change direction and its mechanism based on the dates of China’s provinces from 2004 to 2015.The results show that during the inspection period,China’s technical change has a general capital bias characteristic,that is,technical change improves the relative marginal output of capital.But in recent years,the labor bias of technical change has become more and more significant;intelligentization and technical change tend to have a significant negative impact.The higher the level of intelligentization,the more technical change is biased toward labor.After considering endogenous and robust issues,the negative impact remains robust;intelligentization not only results in the labor bias of technical change by changing factor efficiency,but also makes technical change more labor-biased by reducing capital and labor price distortions.It shows that intelligentization is a significant path to promote China’s economic development and improve labor income distribution at the current stage.