改革开放40年中国政府推动旅游市场优先发展模式研究

Priority Development Model of Government Promotion in Developing China’s Tourism Industry over the 40 Years since Reform and Opening-up

文章基于对改革开放40年中国旅游业发展的经验总结,结合中国旅游行业特性和国家总体经济变革趋势,提出“政府推动下市场优先发展模式”合理平衡了政府与市场的关系,是中国旅游业能在短短几十年间实现适度超前发展的重要原因。文章从时代背景、行业阶段和政策文件等方面详细剖析了在促进中国旅游业发展中发挥了关键作用的主要政策类型,包括市场激发政策、市场供给政策、市场开放政策、市场增信政策等凸显旅游自身特征和理念超前的政策,以及产权改革政策、市场监管政策、市场价格政策、生产要素政策等在国家总体部署下按部就班推进的政策,反映了“政府推动下市场优先发展”模式中政府与市场的关系特点。同时,文章对中国旅游业采取这一发展模式的主要原因展开分析,据此提出基本结论和进一步研究讨论的方向。

This paper examines China’s tourism development over the 40 years since economic reform and the characteristics of the country’s tourism industry and overall economic reform trends.From that basis,this study investigates the government’s prioritization of market development and the balance between the government’s efforts and market forces.This paper identifies the reasons for China’s tourism industry having been able to undergo notable development in just a few decades.This study makes an analysis of related historical events,the growth of the tourism industry,and important documents.From that analysis,this paper examines in detail the major policies that have played a key role in promoting the development of China’s tourism industry.Those policies include the following:market stimulation policies,market supply policies,market-opening policies,and market credit enhancement policies,which highlight the characteristics of tourism;policies of property rights reform,market supervision policies,market price policies,and policies of production factors,which are gradually promoted at the national level.Those policies clearly reflect the relationship between the government and the market with respect to the government’s prioritization of market development.This study also investigates the main reasons for China’s tourism industry having adopted the development model.The paper presents basic conclusions and outlines directions for further research and discussion.