国内外文旅融合研究进展与启示:一个文献综述

Research Progress and Insights on the Integration of Culture and Tourism:A Review of the Literature

文化和旅游部的组建实现了行政上的文旅融合。文章通过对国内外文旅融合相关文献的梳理,分析了文旅融合研究的缘起与演进脉络,从文化遗产与旅游融合、文化创意与旅游融合、文旅融合的影响演进、文旅融合的需求、文旅融合的产业化等方面归纳了文旅融合研究的主要议题。综合来看,文旅融合研究呈现出以下特点:具有突出的时代特征和中国特色,学理性特征逐渐强化,议题演进转向多元主题,研究方法的实证取向鲜明。结合文旅融合发展的趋势和热点,文章提出未来文旅融合研究应加强对融合发展实践的敏感度和介入性,可重点关注文化与旅游的协同效应及其机理,文旅融合的制度安排和治理模式,文化、旅游与科技的融合等研究主题。

In March 2018,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China was formed through the merging of the China National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of Culture.This integration signaled a major change in the country’s organizational system for managing cultural tourism.The amalgamation,in practice,of China’s cultural and tourism industries is indicative of the new pragmatic approach entailing their integrated development as cultural tourism.Scholars engaged in tourism research have always focused on the relationship between culture and tourism.This study presents a review and analysis of the research literature on the integration of culture and tourism,outlining its trajectory and components.Five main research topics relating to the integration of culture and tourism can be delineated within the literature:the integration of cultural heritage and tourism,the integration of cultural creativity and tourism,the impact of the integration of culture and tourism,the demand for the integration of culture and tourism,and the integration of culture industry and tourism industry.Research focus gradually shift from the integration of cultural heritage and tourism to the integration of cultural creativity and tourism,and from an exclusive focus on the supply side to a focus on both the supply and demand sides.Research on the integration of culture and tourism exhibits four main characteristics. The first isthe prominence of temporality and Chinese characteristics in detailed studies of changes within Chinesesociety and the development of culture and tourism industries. The second relates to a growing trend oftheoretically- oriented studies and a widespread emphasis on multidisciplinary studies. The thirdcharacteristic is the increasing diversity of research topics, revealing a shifting trend from an emphasison tangible culture to one on intangible culture and from traditional culture to mass culture and creativeculture. The fourth and final characteristic is the expansion of empirical research and continualreferences to theories and methods derived from the disciplines of economics, sociology, andgeography that are enriching the research methods used in this field of study. This study concludes withthe following recommendations on topics for future research based on the current situation and trend ofculture and tourism integration: the mechanisms and synergistic effects of integrating culture andtourism, institutional arrangements and a governance model for integrating culture and tourism, and theintegration of culture, tourism, science, and technology. In the current era, the integration of culture andtourism is highly significant. Therefore, more attention to practices for developing the industry isrequired within studies on the integration of culture and tourism, and studies should explore emergingproblems and features from multiple perspectives. Simultaneously, a multidisciplinary perspectiveshould be expanded, eventually leading to the development of a systematic research framework for theintegration of culture and tourism.