中文“旅游”的语义渊源与流变

The Chinese Tourism Concept of“Lü-you”(旅游):Semantic Origin and Changes

文章借鉴现象学方法,将众说纷纭的旅游概念争议暂时“悬置”,仅从语义学和语源学的纯粹视角“直观”旅游。结果发现:旅游的“旅”字不应直接解释为“旅行”,“旅”与“庐”同声通用,而应解释为其本义“客居、客处”。“旅游”的“游”字原无三点水,本为“斿”,读líu,本义“流动”;尽管“游”可以与“遊”通用,但毕竟只是一个替代字,走之旁的“遊”比“游”更能体现旅游的本源内涵。现代中文“旅游”概念实际上历经了从“遊”到“旅遊”再到“旅游”的时代流变,并受到了“tourism”一词翻译的强势影响。南朝沈约《悲哉行》中的“旅遊”二字流变而成的“旅遊”概念,与从“旅行和游览”合并简化而来的现代“旅游”概念不同。文章建议,将“旅遊”作为狭义的纯旅游概念,而将目前流行的“旅游”作为广义的大旅游概念,以示区别。“旅游”的多义性已经给旅游学科建设造成一些困境,文章从宽泛的“旅游”概念中萃取出狭义的“旅遊”概念,有助于完善旅游基本概念系统,供学界参考。

All tourism research logically starts with the concept of tourism,which implies that tourism scholars have defined tourism concepts.Nevertheless,the ambiguity of the concept of tourism has regrettably caused some difficulties in the construction and development of tourism disciplines.The academic tourism community has not yet achieved consensus on the concept of tourism,which has led to great obstacles in the development of tourism disciplines.Therefore,our understanding of the concept of tourism urgently needs to be deepened further.The Chinese translation of the English word“tourism”is usually well known as“lü-you”(旅游),but this word also represents another similar concept:i.e.,“lü-you”(旅遊).The previous literature includes relatively little research on the Chinese tourism concept“lü-you”(旅游)from semantic or etymological perspectives.This study mainly considers the etymological and semantic differences between the two Chinese tourism concepts.A difference in the context and connotation was identified between the Chinese tourism concepts“lüyou”(旅游)and“lü-you”(旅遊),which should be regarded as two concepts.In short,“lü-you”(旅遊)corresponds to the concept of“pure tourism activity”,while“lü-you”(旅游)corresponds to the popular concept of“broad tourism activity”.Although the existing literature has made some advances on the etymological and semantic analysis of“tourism”,some problems remain to be explored further.We borrow phenomenological methods to temporarily“suspend”the controversial concept of tourism and“intuit”the Chinese tourism concept“lü-you”(旅游)from purely semantic and etymological perspectives.This study found that the word“lü”(旅)in the Chinese tourism concept“lü-you”(旅游)should not be directly interpreted as“travel.”The“lü”(旅)and“lü”(庐)are used mutually in the same voice in Chinese and its original meaning is“away from home as a guest”.The word“you”(游)from the Chinese“lü-you”(旅游)originally did not have three points of water in the font structure,but as“斿”,which can be read as“líu”and its original meaning was“flowing.”Although“you”(游)can be used in common with“you”(遊),it is only a substitute word.“you”(遊)with“go”(走)in the font structure can better reflect the original connotation of“lü-you”(旅游)than“you”(游)with“water”(水)in the font structure.The concept of“lü-you”(旅游)in modern Chinese has undergone semantic changes from“you”(遊)to“lü-you”(旅遊),and then to“lü-you”(旅游),which was strongly influenced by the translation of the English word“tourism”in contemporary times.Therefore,the concept of“lü-you”(旅遊)was transformed from the word“lü”(旅)and“you”(遊)in Shen Yue’s tragic poetry in the Wei-Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties(during the fourteenth century),which differs from the modern concept of“lü-you”(旅游)as simplified from the combination of“travel and tour”(旅行和游览).This study suggests that“lü-you”(旅遊)be regarded as a pure tourism concept in a narrow sense and“lü-you”(旅游),which is currently popular as a broad tourism concept,to show the differences between the two concepts.This study has unearthed a new indigenous concept for Chinese tourism research,which will help raise our awareness of the concept of tourism.The ambiguity of“tourism”has caused some difficulties in the construction of tourism disciplines;thus,this study extracts the narrow concept of“tourism”from the broad concept of“tourism,”which helps to improve the basic system of the concept of tourism for the academic tourism community.