江门近岸海域大型底栖动物群落结构的分布特征

Distribution of structure of macrobenthic communities in coastal waters of Jiangmen, Guangdong

根据2016年江门近岸海域4个航次的调查数据,对其大型底栖动物现存量和多样性分布特征进行了研究。调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物56种,其中软体动物21种,环节动物18种,节肢动物7种,棘皮动物3种,纽形动物和腔肠动物各2种,星虫动物、脊索动物和螠虫各1种。江门近岸海域各站位大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量分别介于10~920个·m^-2和0.2~267.7 g·m^-2,栖息密度总体呈现湾外大于湾内的趋势;群落中以膜质伪才女虫(Pseudopolydora kempi)和中华内卷齿蚕(Aglaophamus sinersis)分布最广泛,其中中华内卷齿蚕为四季共同优势种。ABC曲线分析表明,该海域群落整体的稳定性一般,春、秋季大型底栖动物群落受到一定程度的干扰,稳定性较弱。相关性分析表明,水深、盐度、温度、磷酸盐、沉积物类型、捕食压力是影响群落结构时空差异的主要因素。

Based on the data collected from four-season investigations in Jiangmen coastal waters of the South China Sea in 2016,we examined the ecological characteristics and biodiversity of the macrobenthic community.A total of 56 species were identified,including 21 Mollusks,18 Annelids,7 Arthropods,3 Echinoderms,2 Nemerteans,2 Coelenterates,1 Sipunculan,1 Chordate and 1 Echiuran.The density and biomass values varied from 10 to 920 ind·m^-2 and from 0.2 to 267.7 g·m^-2,respectively.The spatial distribution of density was generally higher in the waters outside the bay than inside.In the macrobenthos community,Pseudopolydora kempi and Aglaophamus sinersis were most widely distributed,and A.sinersis was the common dominant species that appeared in four seasons.The evaluation results of abundance and biomass comparison curve show that the overall stability of the community in this area is general,while the macrobenthic community in spring and autumn is moderately disturbed with poor community stability.The correlation analysis shows that the tempo-spatial differences of the macrobenthic community are mainly affected by water depth,salinity,temperature,phosphate,sediment type,predation pressure and so on.