基于声学标签系统的鱼类运动轨迹监测技术

Study on monitoring technology of fish motion trajectories based on Acoustic Tag System

声学标签监测技术是声波监测技术的一种主动识别方法,其通过接收、处理移植或捆绑于鱼类身上的声学标签发射的声波信号来获得鱼类二维、三维运动轨迹,具有原位观察、定位准确、数据处理简单和数据连续性好等优点。文章介绍了声学标签监测技术的组成及工作原理,并根据异常数据的不同特点总结了一套完整的数据去噪、清洗的处理方法,该法可快速得到鱼类的二维、三维运动轨迹。通过实例分析了鱼类运动轨迹的分布情况以及变化规律。根据鱼类在不同水生态环境中的运动行为响应情况,可以直接或间接判断水中污染物或有毒物质对鱼类的潜在影响以及实际毒性,为渔业养殖水质环境评价、水质监测及预警、水生态健康评价以及水生态修复效果评价的研究提供参考依据。

Acoustic tag monitoring technology,an active identification method of acoustic detection technology,can obtain 2D and 3D motion trajectories of fish by receiving and processing the acoustic signals emitting from acoustic tags which are transplanted or tied to fish.It has the advantages of in-situ observation,accurate positioning,simple data processing and good data continuity.The paper introduces the composition and working principle of acoustic tag monitoring technology.A complete data processing method of denoising and cleaning is proposed according to the different characteristics of abnormal data.With this method,the real-time 2D and 3D motion trajectories can be quickly obtained.The distribution of fish motion trajectories and changing rules are analyzed by an example.According to the behavioral response of fish in different water ecological environments,the potential effects and actual toxicity of pollutants or toxic substances in water can be judged directly or indirectly.It provides the references for water quality assessment in aquaculture,monitoring and early warning of water environment,health evaluation of aquatic ecological,as well as evaluation of aquatic ecological restoration.