论马克思财产观对洛克财产应得观的超越

On Marx's View of Property Surpassing Locke's View of Property Deserved

财产应得既是一个涉及物质生产实践的经济问题,又是一个关涉人及其本质实现的哲学命题。洛克主张理性基础上财产的自然应得,强调财产权与自由之间的逻辑统一,其在阐述财产应得时虽提及劳动的作用,但在具体论述中存在诸多不足,未能摆脱财产自然应得的烙印。马克思基于历史唯物主义立场提出生产资料公有制中作为“生活的第一需要”的劳动创造了价值,构成了财产应得的必要前提,真正走出洛克式财产自然应得的理论困境,解决了财产与人的本质及其实现的关系等难题。

Property deserved is not only an economic problem involving material production practice,but also a philosophical proposition concerning human nature and its realization.Locke advocated the naturally deserved property on the basis of rationality and emphasized the logical unity between property rights and freedom.Although he mentioned the role of labor in explaining the property deserved,the elaboration still had many deficiencies and could not get rid of the influence of the naturally deserved property.Based on historical materialism,Marx put forward that labor as“the first need of life”in the public ownership of the means of production creates value and constitutes the necessary prerequisite for deserved property.It really stepped out of the theoretical dilemma of Locke's naturally deserved property and solves the difficult problems of the relationship between property and human nature and its realization.