基因型和环境对不同生育期花椰菜霜霉病的影响

Effects of genotype and environment on downy mildew of cauliflower in different developmental stages

花椰菜霜霉病是影响其生产和品质的主要真菌类病害之一,为探究基因型、环境,以及基因与环境互作效应对花椰菜霜霉病病情指数的影响,对4个花椰菜品种(厦美80天、雪园80天、830-F、黄80天)进行人工接种,调查了3个生长时期、4个不同田间温湿环境条件处理下花椰菜的发病情况,分析霜霉病病情指数与温度、湿度、昼夜温差、积温和日照时数5个气象因子的相关性。结果表明:对花椰菜霜霉病抗性的贡献率依次为基因型>环境>基因型与环境互作,变异幅度分别为77.52%~87.04%、12.33%~19.94%、0.63%~2.54%;黄80天具有较强的霜霉病抗性,可以作为抗性种质资源;花椰菜霜霉病与日均湿度、昼夜温差呈显著正相关,与日均温度、积温呈显著负相关,与日照时数无显著关系。综上,低温和高湿环境会加剧花椰菜霜霉病的发生,选用抗病品种、秋冬季注意保温、保持通风等措施可以有效降低霜霉病发生。

Cauliflower downy mildew is one of the major fungal diseases affecting its production and quality.In order to explore the effects of genotype,environment and their interaction effect on the disease index of cauliflower downy mildew,four varieties of cauliflower(Xiamei 80,Xueyuan 80,830-F and Huang 80)were artificially inoculated,and the disease index in three developmental stages under four field conditions with different temperatures and relative humidities were investigated.The correlations between the disease index of cauliflower downy mildew and five meteorological factors including temperature,humidity,temperature difference between day and night,accumulated temperature and sunshine hours were also analyzed.The results showed that the contribution rate order to the resistance of cauliflower downy mildew was genotype>environment>genotype and environment interaction,the variation ranges were 77.52%~87.04%,12.33%~19.94%,0.63%~2.54%,respectively.Huang 80 had strong resistance to downy mildew and could be used as a resistance resource for breeding.The resistance to downy mildew was significant positive correlated with daily average humidity and temperature difference between day and night,significant negative correlated with daily average temperature and accumulated temperature,and had no significant relationship with sunshine hours.Above all,low temperature and high humidity might aggravate the incidence of downy mildew cauliflower.Measures such as selecting resistant varieties,paying attention to heat preservation,maintaining ventilation in autumn and winter could effectively reduce downy mildew.