精准扶贫以来中国农村减贫:成效、逻辑与未来路径

Rural poverty reduction in China since targeted poverty alleviation:Effectiveness,logic,and future paths

精准扶贫以来,中国农村减贫取得巨大成效,主要体现在:宏观层面上,贫困人口减少、脱贫摘帽县数量增加、世界减贫的中国贡献;微观层面上,贫困人口收入、消费水平提高,生活条件、基础设施和公共服务改善。依托强大的组织动员能力和市场、社会的广泛参与,实现减贫主体的精准;精准扶贫政策的实施,增加了贫困地区的财政供给,实现了减贫路径的精准;第三方评估的开展,保证了脱贫质量,实现了减贫保障的精准;贫困人口的精准识别、“扶志”“扶智”政策的实施、“输血”向“造血”功能的转变,培育了贫困户脱贫的内生动力,实现了减贫对象的精准。2020年后,中国面临脱贫攻坚成果巩固及乡村振兴战略的双重叠压,可从统筹减贫主体、调整减贫路径、保障持续投入、重视相对贫困4个方面优化2020年后农村减贫路径。

Since the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation,China has achieved great results in reducing poverty.This is reflected on both macro and micro levels:on the macro level,rural poverty population has decreased;the number of counties out of poverty has increased;and China has made great contributions to world poverty reduction;on the micro level,income and consumption levels,living conditions,infrastructure and public services of the impoverished have improved.Relying on the strong organizational mobilization capacity and extensive participation of the market and society,the subject of poverty reduction can be accurately targeted.The implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies and the increasing financial supply in poor areas help the rural poor to overcome poverty steadily,achieving a precise poverty reduction path.The implementation of third-party assessments has ensured the quality of poverty alleviation and achieved accurate results in poverty reduction.The accurate identification of the poor population,the implementation of the policy of“supporting the aspirations”and“supporting the wisdom”,and the transformation from the function of“blood transfusion”to“blood making”cultivate the endogenous driving force for the poor to get rid of poverty,realizing the precision of poverty reduction targets.After 2020,China is facing the dual pressure of consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and the rural revitalization strategies,the thesis believes the rural poverty reduction path after 2020 can be optimized from four aspects:overall planning on the subjects of poverty reduction,adjusting poverty reduction path,guaranteeing sustainable capital investment and attaching importance to relative poverty.