春季农田地表空气中PM10浓度变化与环境因子关系

Changes in the PM concentrations of air near the ground of farmlands in spring

为探讨春季农田近地表空气中PM10浓度变化与环境因子关系,于2019年3月1日至5月31日,用PM10采样器、自动气象站以及土壤温湿度数据采集器,对山东泗水县开垦农田近地表80 cm处空气中PM10浓度与环境因子进行了观测,使用线性回归和Pearson相关系数分析方法、曲线回归分析法、多元线性回归和逐步回归分析方法分析了PM10浓度变化与环境因子的关系。结果显示:在3—5月,山东泗水县典型农田近地表80 cm处空气中PM10浓度平均值为117.06μg·m-3、变化范围为16.67~333.33μg·m-3。同时,PM10浓度变化与风速呈显著负相关和指数函数关系(y=151.66e-0.19x,R2=0.162、P<0.001),与相对湿度呈显著二次函数关系(y=-0.48x2+6.14x-62.47,R2=0.103、/P<0.05);PM10浓度变化与气温呈显著S曲线函数关系(y=e5.00-5.28/x,R2=0.089、P<0.01)。另外,PM10浓度变化与风速、气温、相对湿度、5 cm土壤温度和湿度因子多元回归与逐步回归分析结果显示,风速影响达到显著水平(y=-16.824x1+150.420,x1为风速,R2=0.126,F=9.658、P<0.01)。研究表明,在春季,受风速等多种环境因子影响,山东泗水县农田近地表空气中PM10污染影响不容忽视。

In order to improve our understanding of changes in the PM10 concentrations of air near the ground of Chinese farmlands during spring(March 1 to May 31,2019),the PM10 concentrations and environmental factors of the air 80 cm above the ground surface of cultivated farmlands was observed in Sishui County,Shandong Province,China.Particulate(PM10) samplers,automatic weather stations,and soil temperature and humidity data were employed,and the relationships between changes in the PM10 concentrations and environmental factors were analyzed via linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient,curve regression,multiple linear regression,and stepwise regression.The results showed that from March to May,the average PM10 concentration was 117.06 μg·m-3,with a range of 16.67-333.33 μg·m-3.Additionally,changes in PM10 concentrations were significantly and negatively correlated and exhibited an exponential relationship with wind speed(y=151.66 e-0.19 x,R2=0.162,P<0.001),and had a significant quadratic relationship with relative humidity(y=-0.48 x2+6.14 x-62.47,R2=0.103,P<0.05).Moreover,changes in PM10 concentrations displayed a significant(S-shaped)curvilinear relationship with air temperature(y=e5.00-5.28/x,R2=0.089,P<0.01).In the multiple regression and stepwise analyses of the changes in PM10 concentrations with wind speed,air temperature,relative humidity,5-cm soil temperature,and humidity factors,the effect of wind speed was significant(y=-16.824 x1+150.420(x1 represents wind speed),R2=0.126,F=9.658,P<0.01).These results suggest that in spring,due to the effects of various environmental factors(e.g.,wind speed,humidity,etc.),the PM10 pollution of the nearsurface air of farmlands in Sishui County cannot be ignored.