2008—2018年广东省酸雨的变化趋势研究

Study on the Changing Trend of Acid Rain in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2018

酸雨,对人类生活和生产造成了巨大的影响。为了进一步了解广东省近11年酸雨的变化趋势,以广东省21个地级市为研究对象,选用广东省生态环境厅历年发布的环境状况公报中的SO2、NO2的质量浓度以及ρ(SO4^2−)/ρ(NO3^−)作为评价因子,通过ArcGIS 10.2软件统计并分析了广东省酸雨的年际变化特征、时空变异特征及其变化原因。结果表明,广东省降水pH年均值由2008年的4.88提高到2018年的5.55,且呈逐年上升的趋势;从降水pH年均值的空间分布状况可知,广东地区的酸雨分布表现出一定的地域性。在20世纪80年代初,中部的广州是一个势力较强、范围较广的酸雨中心,西达肇庆,南延至江门、珠海、深圳,涉及整个珠江三角洲腹地。到2016年,广州的酸雨情况已有所改善,4年平均pH值增长6.21%,但其他酸雨分布中心的酸雨情况仍没有得到有效改善。大气中主要污染物SO2年均质量浓度从2008年的0.025 mg∙m^−3降低至2018年的0.01 mg∙m^−3,呈逐年下降的趋势,且全省各地市的大气SO2年均质量浓度在2018年均达到国家二级标准;另一污染物NO2年均质量浓度从2008年的0.026 mg∙m^−3升高至2018年的0.028 mg∙m^−3,呈上升的趋势;广东省降水中的主要阴离子为SO4^2−,SO4^2−/NO3^−呈逐年下降趋势,说明广东省的酸雨已基本由硫酸型向硫酸-硝酸混合型转变。在此基础上,提出了以下防治对策:(1)做好产业结构优化调整与能源清洁利用的规划布局;(2)大力发展和推广应用环境友好型高效清洁节能技术;(3)强化环境管理、环保教育和全球环境治理工作。

With the rapid development of modern industry and expenditure of energy,atmospheric environment is becoming a serious concern in Guangdong,especially acid rain,which has directly threatened the human health and life quality,biological growth and the co-development of society,the economy and the environment.In this study,we selected 21 cities in Guangdong as the study areas and collected data about the concentration of atmospheric SO2,atmospheric NO2 andρ(SO4^2−)/ρ(NO3^−)from 2008 to 2018 aim to quantify the changes of major air pollutants in Guangdong province by using ArcGIS 10.2.The results showed that the average annual precipitation pH in Guangdong province increased from 4.88 in 2008 to 5.55 in 2018.The spatial distribution of the average annual pH value in Guangdong Province varied regionally.In the early 1980s,Guangzhou was a strong and wide-ranging acid rain center,covering Zhaoqing in the west,extending to Jiangmen,Zhuhai,and Shenzhen in the south,including the whole major center of the Pearl River Delta.By 2016,the situation of acid rain in Guangzhou had improved,and the average pH value in the four years had increased by 6.21%,but the acid rain in other distribution centers had not been effectively improved.Furthermore,the average annual mass concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere decreased from 0.025 mg∙m^−3 in 2008 to 0.01 mg∙m^−3 in 2018,showing a declining trend year by year,and in 2018,it reached the national secondary standard.Meanwhile,the average annual mass concentration of atmospheric NO2 increased from 0.026 mg∙m^−3 in 2008 to 0.028 mg∙m^−3 in 2018,showing an increasing trend.The main anion of precipitation in Guangdong Province was SO4^2−,and SO4^2−/NO3^−showed a decreasing trend year by year,which indicated that the acid rain in Guangdong Province has basically changed from sulfuric acid type to sulfuric acid-nitric acid mixed type.On this basis,further prevention and control measures could focus on three aspects:(1)Strengthening the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure and the layout of clean energy utilization;(2)Promoting environmentally friendly and efficient energy-saving technologies;And(3)strengthening environmental management,environmental education and global environmental governance.