导致受事名词前置的结构因素

The structural motivations for the occurrence of patients prior to predicate

本文尝试探讨由于谓语结构因素而导致受事名词必须出现在谓语动词之前的各种现象.这些因素可以分为两大类型:一是谓语动词部分包含有名词性成分,这包括复合词、惯用法、特殊的宾语等,故其后排斥另一个受事名词出现,因此谓语动词的受事名词必须被安排在谓语动词之前;二是由于谓语之后补语的复杂性或者补语语义指向的限制,强制要求受事名词必须出现在谓语动词之前.此外,本文还探讨了汉语中安排前置受事名词的各种语法手段,这包括把它们用为宾语的定语、在谓语之前用介词引入、处置句、被动句、话题句、动词拷贝结构等.本文的分析有助于深入理解汉语语法的整体特点,有助于搞清汉语与其他语言的异同.

This paper aims to explore the various structural reasons of predicates motivating the movement of patient nouns from the back of predicates to the front of predicates.There are two major motivations for the movements:(a)the prodicate verb contain a nominal element by itself,either verbal compounds,idioms or certain resultative objects;(b)the resultative of the predicate verb is structurally complicated or describes the subject rather than object,which forces the patient noun to appear some positions prior to the predicate.In addition,the paper also discusses the ways to arrange the have-to-move patient nouns,such as the attributives of object,prepositional phrases,disposal construction,passive construction,topicalization construction,the verb-copying construction,etc.The present analysis deepens the understanding of the overall properties of the Chinese grammar.