2015-2019年中国流行性脑脊髓膜炎血清群分布特征

Serogroup distribution of meningococcal meningitis in China,2015-2019

目的分析中国2015-2019年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)病例的脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria meningitidis,Nm)血清群分布特征。方法通过中国法定传染病报告系统和流脑监测信息报告管理系统收集2015-2019年流脑病例和Nm血清群实验室检测数据,进行描述流行病学分析。结果中国2015-2019年报告流脑540例,年均发病率为0.78/1000万;在296例Nm血清群阳性病例中,A、B、C、W、Y、其他及不可分群分别占4.73%、36.15%、22.97%、6.08%、1.69%、28.38%;各血清群检出省份数分别为4个、19个、17个、10个、4个、20个;0-4岁、5-9岁病例中B群病例分别占58.56%、55.00%,10-14岁病例中C群病例占57.81%,≥15岁病例中其他及不可分群病例占33.66%;2015年vs 2019年A、C、B、W群病例比例分别为2.33%vs 1.28%、16.28%vs 37.18%、30.23%vs 32.05%、4.65%vs 10.26%。结论中国流脑优势流行Nm血清群呈多元化变迁趋势以及地域和年龄分布差异;建议研发和应用B群脑膜炎球菌疫苗。

Objective To describe the Neisseria meningitidis(Nm)serogroup distribution among meningococcal meningitis(MM)cases during 2015-2019 in China.Methods We obtained data on MM cases and Nm serogroup laboratory results reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and the MM surveillance system during 2015-2019 and conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis.Results A total of 540 MM cases were reported during 2015-2019 in China,yielding an average annual incidence of 0.78 cases per ten-million population;296 MM cases were Nm serogroup positive,among which A,B,C,W,Y,and other/non-groupable serogroup cases accounted for 4.73%,36.15%,22.97%,6.08%,1.69%,and 28.38%,respectively,and were identified in 4,19,17,10,4 and 20 provinces.Serogroup B cases accounted for 58.56%and 55.00%of cases aged 0-4 and 5-9 years;serogroup C cases accounted for 57.81%of cases aged 10-14 years,and other/non-groupable serogroup cases accounted for 33.66%of cases aged≥15 years.Proportions of serogroup A,C,B,and W cases for 2015 vs 2019,were 2.33%vs 1.28%,16.28%vs 37.18%,30.23%vs 32.05%,and 4.65%vs 10.26%.Conclusions The predominant Nm serogroup circulating in China diversified and varied by region and age.We suggest developing a group B meningococcal vaccine for use in China.