“门罗主义”话语的跨洋旅行——亚洲主义、省域空间与“旧邦新造”进程

The Transoceanic Travelling of the Monroe Doctrine——Asianism,Provincial Space and the Process of State Building

肇源于19世纪美国的"门罗主义",在近代的跨国传播之中基本上被用于"超国家"的区域空间乃至全球空间,然而在近代中国却被广泛转用于"次国家"的省域,生长出了在全球范围内都具有独特性的"省域门罗主义"话语。在日本"亚洲主义"盛行的舆论环境下,清末的旅日中国精英为"门罗主义"找到了一个具有感染力的句式:"××是××人的××",后者成为"门罗主义"在近代中国得以被运用到超国家、国家和省域各个层面的"中介环节",进而催生出一种反满的"省域门罗主义"话语。在辛亥革命后碎片化的政治格局中,"门罗主义"又成为地方实力派对抗中央与外省势力的话语工具,并在"联省自治"运动中发挥了一定的影响力。但随着20世纪20年代国民革命的启动,"门罗主义"日益沦为一个负面的词汇,与军阀割据、封闭自守等负面含义关联在一起,成为中国的国家建设需要克服的障碍。源于美国的"门罗主义"符号跨越大洋,经过不断重新解释,最终深度参与了近代中国的国家建设与宪制变革进程。

In its global travelling from its place of origin,the language of the Monroe Doctrine was generally applied to the"supra-national"regional space and even the global space.Surprisingly,it was widely used in the"sub-national"contexts in modern China,and gave rise to a unique discourse of"provincial Monroe Doctrine".At the turn of the 19 th and the 20 th centuries,influenced by the"Asianism"in Japan,Chinese elites in Japan discovered a contagious Chinese sentence structure"X is X for X(ans)",as an intermediary link for the Monroe Doctrine to be applied to the supra-national,national,and provincial levels,and finally produced an anti-Manchu discourse of"provincial Monroe Doctrine".In the fragmented political situation after the 1911 Revolution,the language of Monroe Doctrine became the discursive weapon of local power against the central government and other hostile provincial powers,and exerted a certain influence in the federalist movement in the early 1920 s.However,with the start of the National Revolution in the 1920 s,the Monroe Doctrine has increasingly become a negative vocabulary associated with warlordism and objection to national unification.Going through layers of interpretation and reinterpretation,the symbol Monroe Doctrine finally played a significant role in the state-building and constitutional reform in modern China.