实现设计目标--如何打造有益健康的城市绿地

KEEPING PROMISES-HOW TO ATTAIN THE GOAL OF DESIGNING HEALTHSUPPORTING URBAN GREEN SPACE

城市绿地在应对城市化带来的健康挑战中发挥着重要作用。相关研究结果表明,城市绿地能够改善人们的健康与福祉,辅助自然疗愈方法的实施。在这一过程中,致力于健康设计的景观设计师承担着重要职责。世界卫生组织曾指出,认识到如何进行城市绿地设计才能使其真正发挥积极的健康效益极具意义。为此,他们开发制定了各类工具和设计指南来指导设计。但对于设计师而言,这些工具较难适用于具体的设计实践,相关指南也缺乏通用性。本文提出了基于循证康复景观设计(EBHDL)的流程模型,以帮助景观产生积极的健康效益。模型由哥本哈根大学自然、健康与设计研究小组开发,已历时15年。在此期间,研究人员、从业人士,以及高校学生不断提供实证数据,使模型日益完善。EBHDL流程模型包含证据收集、编程、设计和评估4个步骤,所有步骤都离不开景观设计师的参与。哥本哈根大学已将该模型应用于纳卡地亚®疗愈花园和欧拓维亚®健康森林的设计工作中。研究结果表明,这两个设计实践的成果均较为可观,实现了对EBHDL流程模型的初步验证。同时,该模型具备跨学科性、系统性、透明性和动态性的优势,但也存在耗时长、成本高等不足。

Urban green space is attributed a significant role in addressing health challenges associated with urbanization.This is supported by evidence confirming that urban green space may both promote health and well-being and support nature-based treatments.Landscape architects who design to improving health outcomes have an important task;but one which also come with responsibilities.This is also noted by the World Health Organization,which states that it is vital to understand how to design green space so that it actually delivers the intended positive health outcomes.In order to deal with this situation,various tools and design guidelines have been developed by them.However,considered from a designer’s perspective,these tools are seldom expedient enough to apply in the design process,and the guidelines are often not as generalizable as supposed.In the current article,the authors present a process model for Evidence-Based Health Design in Landscape Architecture(EBHDL)and suggest that it may be useful as a means to deliver on stated health outcomes.The model has been developed over the last 15 years by the research group Nature,Health&Design at the University of Copenhagen.During this period,the model has been constantly enhanced via input evidence from researchers,practitioners,and university students.The EBHDL process model consists of four steps,all of which the landscape architect may be responsible for:Evidence collection,Programming,Designing,and Evaluation.The model has been applied in the design of the University of Copenhagen’s therapy garden,Nacadia®,and health-promoting forest,Octovia®.Based on encouraging results from research projects,the first step towards a validation of the EBHDL process model have now been made.The benefits of the model include the fact that it is interdisciplinary,systematic,transparent,and dynamic.A weakness of the model is that it is time-consuming,and thereby also costly.