以大众为主体的气候变化适应性多视角制图

MULTIPERSPECTIVAL CARTOGRAPHIES FOR DEMOCRATIC CLIMATE ADAPTATION

印度尼西亚雅加达市每年都会经历河水泛滥、城市内涝和沿海洪水。愈发变化多端的气候条件使市民频频面临极端气候事件的威胁。尽管人们对于实时传导数据的应用热情高涨,但如果缺乏精心设计的数据整合平台,那么这些数据将毫无意义。印度尼西亚灾害地图(PetaBencana.id)是一个免费的在线平台,可供居民和应急管理人员实时绘制洪水地图。而后,公众、政府和企业可利用平台所提供的地图来制定相应的洪水响应决策。虽然项目的初衷仅是收集实证信息来模拟洪水状况,但制图、交叉验证,以及为居民和政府提供洪水信息等过程本身俨然已成为一种有助于减轻洪水影响的数字元基础设施。来自居民的报告体现了洪水期间的地面实况,能够用于校准卫星等其他传感器平台生成的地图。本文演示了如何从这一洪水地图促生一种能从多结构角度和多尺度协同绘制城市动态变化的方法,从而拓展城市基础设施的管理方式与范围,提升其极端事件应急能力。

Jakarta in Indonesia experiences annual fluvial,pluvial,and coastal flooding.As weather patterns become increasingly unpredictable residents regularly face extreme weather events.While the proliferation of data has been enthusiastically adopted to transform real-time response,data is meaningless without designed platforms of considered assembly.PetaBencana.id(Disaster Map Indonesia)is a free online platform that enables residents and emergency managers to map flooding in real-time.The map is used by the public,government,and business to enhance decision-making in response to flooding.Contrary to the project’s initial aim of collecting empirical information to model flood conditions,the work of mapping,cross-validating,and disseminating flood information for residents and government has become in itself a form of digital metainfrastructure that helps mitigate the impact of flooding.Resident reports are now the defacto ground truth for flood information,and are used to calibrate other sensor-platforms(e.g.,satellite imagery).This essay reflects on how the map developed a methodology for collaboratively mapping the dynamic fluctuations of the city from multiple textural perspectives and at multiple scales,thereby diversifying the means and scope of participation in urban infrastructure and its response to extreme events.