梨采后阿太菌果腐病菌生物学特性及寄主范围测定

Biological Characteristics and Host Range of Athelia bombacina Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot on Pear

对近年来新发现的梨阿太菌果腐病菌(Athelia bombacina)的生物学特性及寄主范围进行了研究。结果表明,病原菌菌丝生长的最佳条件为PDA培养基,温度25℃,pH7,暗处理有利于菌丝生长,菌丝致死温度为54℃,10 min;担孢子最佳萌发温度为20℃,pH 6,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,光照对孢子萌发影响不明显,担孢子致死温度为52℃,10 min。该菌产孢的培养基配方为燕麦15 g、琼脂15 g、葡萄糖10 g、甘氨酸2 g、CaCO30.5 g、NaCl2 g、水1000 mL,pH 6。相对湿度95%以上,光暗交替及低温诱导均有利于产孢。离体果实接种的寄主范围测定结果表明,A.bombacina除侵染梨果实外,还可侵染苹果、草莓、樱桃、油桃、杏和枣等果实,但不侵染蓝莓、葡萄、橙和猕猴桃等果实,对山楂、橘和柚果实的侵染能力较弱,且对橘和柚的侵染仅限于果皮,不深入到果肉组织中,A.bombacina对梨、苹果不同品种的致病力差别较大。

The biological characteristics and host range of Athelia bombacina,a newly discovered fruit rot pathogen of pear,were studied.The results showed that the optimum medium for hyphae growth of Athelia bombacina was potato dextrose agar(PDA),the optimum temperature was 25℃,the optimum pH was 7,and dark treatment was beneficial to hyphae growth.The lethal temperature for hyphae was 54℃for 10 min.The optimal germination temperature of the spores was 20℃,the optimum pH was 6,and the best carbon source was glucose.The effect of light on spore germination was not obvious.The lethal temperature for spores was 52℃for 10 min.Based on studying the spore production under different conditions,the best culture conditions for spore production of the strain were as follows:medium formula:15 g of oat,15 g of agar,10 g of glucose,2 g of glycine,0.5 g of CaCO3,2 g of NaCl,1000 m L of water,and pH adjusted to 6,alternating light and dark,low temperature induction and high humidity more than 95%.The determination of host range for Athelia bombacina showed that,Athelia bombacina could infect not only pears,but also apples,strawberries,cherries,nectarines,apricots,and jujubes;however,it did not infect blueberries,grapes,oranges,or kiwifruit etc.The ability to infect hawthorns,oranges,and pomelos was weak,and the infection of tangerines and pomelos was limited to the peel——Athelia bombacina could not penetrate into the pulp tissue.Athelia bombacina had different infection abilities with different pear and apple varieties.