近期国际溃坝事件对我国大坝安全管理的警示

Global dam break events raise an alert about dam safety management

近期在全球新冠疫情肆虐背景下,乌兹别克斯坦锡尔河州(2020年5月1日)和美国密歇根州(2020年5月19日)相继发生两起溃坝事故,导致3座大坝溃决,在当地产生严重社会影响。对两起溃坝事故的原因进行剖析,其暴露的水库大坝安全管理问题对做好我国水库大坝风险防控和安全度汛工作具有重要的警示意义,主要包括:气候变化将给大坝安全管理带来前所未有的挑战,我国中小型水库大坝老龄化问题存在较高的潜在风险,全生命周期安全监管体系是水库大坝安全运行的根本保障,非工程措施是水库风险管理中必不可少的重要支撑。最后提出了进一步加强我国水库大坝安全管理工作的对策与建议。

At the time of COVID-19 outbreak threatened and disrupted lives across the globe,two dam failures successively occurred in Syr Darya states of Uzbekistan(May 1,2020)and Michigan State of the United States(May 19,2020),resulting in three dam breaks and serious social impacts.Based on investigations on the two dam events,issues with dam safety management are discussed,which indicates that prevention and control of risks with reservoirs and dams are vital for safeguarding flood control in China.The main challenges currently faced include:climate change that will bring unprecedented challenges to dam safety management,aging of small and medium-sized reservoirs results in high potential risk.Therefore,safety monitoring and supervision system of whole life cycle is fundamental for safe operation of reservoir dams.Non engineering measures should be the indispensable and important guarantee for risk management of reservoirs.Finally,it puts forward measures and suggestions for further consolidation of dam safety management in China.