北宋茂属十七羁縻州地望考

Research on the Geographical Location of the Seventeen Jimi Chows ofMaochow Military Prefecture in the Northern Song Dynasty

一《武经总要》所载茂属羁縻州道里数据的价值与利用唐以后岷江上游茂州所领诸羌羁縻州,是唐末乱离以来西南地区硕果仅存的羁縻政区建置之一,然其名称,新旧《五代史》不载。北宋庆历间曾公亮等编撰的《武经总要》前集卷一九《益利路》载有羁縻静、恭、当、直、时、岩(宕)、涂、达、松、飞、柘、乾、悉、可、翼、向、居十七州名单及其距离茂州的详细道里数据,这应当是五代至庆历初年的情况。

The Wu Jing Zong Yao(武经总要)was compiled by Zeng Gongliang and others during the Qingli(庆历)period of the Northern Song Dynasty.The 19th volume of the first episode in this book,which called Yi li lu(益利路),contains the list of seventeen Jimi(羁縻)Chows,namely Jing(静)、Gong(恭)、Dang(当)、Zhi(直)、Shi(时)、Dang(宕)、Tu(涂)、Da(达)、Song(松)、Fei(飞)、Zhe(柘)、Qian(乾)、Xi(悉)、Ke(可)、Yi(翼)、Xiang(向)、Ju(居),as well as distance data of Maochow(茂州),which is on the upper reaches of the Minjiang(岷江)river.These materials are of high value,and the academia fails to make full use of them,which is the main reason for the limited progress in the fixed-point work in Jimichows.In this paper,the traffic pattern of the upper Minjiang river in Tang and Song Dynasties and the universal distance conversion formulaare discussed.On this basis,we make use of the distance data of Wu Jing Zong Yao,combining the Yuan Feng Jiu Yu Zhi(元丰九域志)and the battlefield situation of The battle of Xining(熙宁),recovering the geographical position of each Jimichow.We believe that the Jimi chows of Maochow Military Prefecturein the Northern Song Dynasty were basically transformed from the Jimi chowsor temporary districts,this transformation occurring when the Tibet in the Tang Dynasty advanced eastward,after the Five Dynasties period,further migration,roughly along the Minjiang and Heishui(黑水)River traffic routes,forming a surrounding situation of Maochow.