马克思主义视域下的客观主义批判

The Critique of Objectivism in the Marxist Perspective

笛卡尔囿于唯理论的认识阈限,从"我思"出发,以"怀疑"为手段,用与思维的本性一致的东西即理性来证明,确保自身的存在,所建立的主体以及构建的"客观"无非是将部分当作全体。康德提出了"统觉之必然的统一"的原理,其所谓的"客观"表面上是试图克服主观主义,使理性具有某种"客观效力",本质上正是思维的"先天综合",而这正是主观主义,其客观化过程最终没有避开"目的论"。客观主义虽以现实的客观存在为依据,却不能用辩证的、发展的、联系的眼光看待客观存在,实则背离了辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,其实质是主观主义。客观主义打着"客观"的旗号,打着马克思主义的旗号,掩盖了其主观主义的本质,危害极大。对待和评价历史事件和历史人物,要坚持马克思主义,应当从揭示规律的高度去把握历史事实,坚持历史分析方法和阶级分析方法,警惕和批判以客观主义面目出现的历史虚无主义和新民粹主义。

Descartes had been confined to the threshold of rationalism,starting from"I think"and using"doubt"as a means to prove and defend its own existence with something that is consistent with the nature of thinking.That is the reason.The subject is created and the"objectivity"is constructed nothing more than the part as the whole.Kant put forward the principle of"the necessary unity of unity of perception",the so-called"objectivity"is apparently an attempt to overcome subjectivism,so that reason has a certain"objective validity",which is essentially the"innate synthesis"of thought,which is precisely subjectivism,and its objectification process ultimately does not avoid"teleology".Although objectivism is based on the objective existence of reality,it cannot look at objective existence in a dialectical,developmental and relational way.It is in fact a departure from dialectical materialism and historical materialism,and its essence is subjective idealism.Under the banner of"objectivity"and Marxism,objectivism conceals the essence of subjective idealism,which is extremely harmful.In dealing with and evaluating historical events and historical figures,we should adhere to Marxism,grasp historical facts from the height of revealing laws,adhere to the methods of historical analysis and class analysis,and guard against and criticize historical nihilism and neo-populism that appear in the face of objectivism.